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Subtopics
Physical
characteristics
of gases
5.1
Force
Pressure = Area
Units of Pressure
1 pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m2
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
1 atm = 101,325 Pa
Barometer
5.2
10 miles
4 miles
Sea level
0.2 atm
0.5 atm
1 atm
5.2
Instruments
5.2
As P (h) increases
V decreases
5.3
Gas Laws
Boyles Law
P 1/V
P x V = constant
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
Constant temperature
Constant amount of gas
5.3
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
P2 =
P1 = 726 mmHg
P2 = ?
V1 = 946 mL
V2 = 154 mL
P1 x V1
V2
5.3
As T increases
V increases
5.3
Charles &
Gay-Lussacs
Law
VT
V = constant x T
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Temperature must be
in Kelvin
T (K) = t (0C) + 273.15
5.3
T2 =
V1 = 3.20 L
V2 = 1.54 L
T1 = 398.15 K
T2 = ?
V2 x T1
V1
1.54 L x 398.15 K
3.20 L
= 192 K
5.3
Avogadros Law
V number of moles (n)
V = constant x n
Constant temperature
Constant pressure
V1/n1 = V2/n2
5.3
4NH3 + 5O2
1 mole NH3
4NO + 6H2O
1 mole NO
At constant T and P
1 volume NH3
1 volume NO
5.3
P1 x V1 = P2 x V 2
V1/T1 = V2/T2
V1/n1 = V2/n2
P1V1 = P2V2
n1T1
n2T2
P1
P2
=
T1
T2
P1 = 1.20 atm
T1 = 291 K
P2 = ?
T2 = 358 K
T2
= 1.20 atm x 358 K = 1.48 atm
P2 = P1 x
291 K
T1
5.4
Ideal Gas
Equation
nT
P
nT
nT
V = constant x
=R
P
P
PV = nRT
5.4
PV = nRT
(1 atm)(22.414L)
PV
R=
=
nT
(1 mol)(273.15 K)
R = 0.082057 L atm / (mol K)
5.4
PV = nRT
nRT
V=
P
P = 1 atm
1 mol HCl
n = 49.8 g x
= 1.37 mol
36.45 g HCl
Latm
molK
x 273.15 K
1 atm
V = 30.6 L
5.4
Daltons Laws of
Partial Pressure
V and T
are
constant
P1
P2
Ptotal = P1 + P2
5.6
nART
PA =
V
nBRT
PB =
V
PT = PA + PB
PA = XA PT
nA
XA =
nA + nB
nB
XB =
nA + nB
PB = XB PT
Pi = Xi PT
5.6
Pi = Xi PT
PT = 1.37 atm
Xpropane =
0.116
8.24 + 0.421 + 0.116
= 0.0132
5.6
Pi = niRT
V
Pi = Xi P T
Xi = ni
nT