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Sublevels
1s
_____
_____
_____
2s
2p 2p 2p
_____
_____
3s
3p 3p 3p
3d 3d 3d 3d 3d
_____
4s
4p 4p 4p
4d 4d 4d 4d 4d
4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f
3p
Hydrogen
1s1
1s2
1s
1s
Electron
Orbital Diagram configuration
Orbital Diagram
Lithium
Berylium
1s22s2
1s22s1
1s
2s
Electron
configuration
1s
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
2s
2s
2p
Carbon
1s22s22p2
1s
2s
2p
2s
2p
2s
2p
2s
2p
Neon
1s22s22p6
1s
2s
2p
Sodium
1s22s22p63s1
1s
2s
2p
3s
Valence Electrons:
electrons located in the highest energy
(outermost) orbitals of an atom.
Example
Oxygen
Electron configuration
1s22s22p4
P is in Group 5A.
It will contain 5 valence electrons.
Electron Configuration
1s22s22p63s23p3
Valence electrons
1s22s22p63s23p6
The element contains 18 electrons.
It must also contain 18 protons.
Atomic number 18 = argon.
rows
(periods):
increasing
Z
(atomic
number)
Main Group
Halogen
Alkaline
s
Earths
Transition
Metals
Main Group
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Noble
Gases
Electron Filling
Initially, one may expect to fill 3d electrons
before 4s electrons.
However, based on reactivity of the elements K and
Ca,
they resemble metals with valence electrons in s
Example
K orbitals.
[Ar]4s1
Ca
[Ar]4s2
Elements 21-30 are transition elements where
electrons now fill in the 3d subshell.
Once the 3d subshell is filled, the 4p shell begins to
fill.
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Electron Filling
Sublevel Filling Diagram
Chemical Periodicity
Groups of elements show similar chemical
properties
because of similarities in their valence electrons.
Learning Objectives
10.1 Electromagnetic Radiation
List the 3 basic characteristics of electromagnetic
radiation
10.2 The Bohr Atom
Explain the relationship between the line spectrum
and the quantized energy levels of an electron in an
atom.
10.3 Energy Levels of Electrons
Describe the principal energy levels,
sublevels and orbitals of an atom.
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
10.4 Atomic Structure of the First 18 Elements
Use the guidelines to write electron configurations.