WELDED JOINTS

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World Centre for Materials Joining

Definition
Joint: a connection where the
individual
components,
suitable prepared, are
to be
joined by welding or brazing.
Butt joint

T joint

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World Centre for Materials Joining

Definition
Weld: a union of pieces made by
welding.
Butt weld

Fillet weld

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World Centre for Materials Joining

Types of Joint
Corner joint

External
corner joint
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Internal
corner joint

Double side
corner joint

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Types of Joint

Cruciform joint

Lap joint

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Features of Welds
Butt weld on plate
Parent
metal

Wel
d

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Toe

Roo
t

Fac
e

Toe

HAZ

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Features of Welds
Fillet weld on plate

Fac
e

Parent
metal

Wel
d

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Roo
t

Toe

HA
Z

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Features of Welds
Shape of fillet welds:
Convex fillet

Concave fillet

Mitre fillet

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Features of Welds
Excess weld metal:
outside
joining the

Butt weld

weld metal lying

the plane
toes.

Fillet weld

A.k.a. weld reinforcement, overfill,

crown.
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Weld Preparations
Included angle
Bevel
angle

Root
face

Gap
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Weld Preparations
Root
radius

Included angle
Bevel
angle
Root
face
Gap
Land

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Size of Welds
Butt welds

t2

t1= design throat

thickness
t2=actual throat
thickness

t2

t1

t1

t1

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World Centre for Materials Joining

Size of Welds
Butt welds
t1

t2
t1, t1= design throat
thickness
t2, t2=actual throat
thickness

t2

t
2
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t1

t1

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Size of Welds
Fillet welds

throat

leg

leg

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leg size
throat size

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Size of Welds
actual
throat

design
throat

design throat
= actual
throat

leg size = 1.4 x throat

size for concave
Does NOT apply
fillets!

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World Centre for Materials Joining

Size of Welds
Asymmetrical fillet welds

throa
t
leg

leg

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Size of Welds
Deep penetration fillet welds

real
throa
t

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increased resistance due to

increased throat
the amount of deposited
weld metal required is
reduced
faster travel speed
need higher current and
larger electrode sizes
can be welded only by SAW
or spray transfer MIG/MAG
theoreti problems in ensuring
c throat consistent depth of
penetration
possible solidification
cracking
problems
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for Materials
Joining

Type of Weldinterpretation
Corner joint
limits

Butt joint limits

135
135
30

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180

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Type of Weldinterpretation
T joint
limits

Lap joint
limits
5

5
90

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Lap Joint
Overlap limits for lap
joints:
t
D
D = 4 x t but not less than 25
mm!
See also Design Code
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Slot Weld

Holes can be circular or

oval.
Weld all round.
d

d > 3t
but d = minimum 25
mm!

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Plug Weld

Holes can be circular or

oval
d

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If t < 10 mm, d = t.
t

If t > 10 mm, slot

technique should be used,
in circular holes (d = 3t
but minimum 25 mm - see
BS
World Centre
for5135).
Materials Joining

Plug Weld
AWS D1.1. Structural Welding Code
requirements for slot and plug welds:
For plug welds, d > t + 8 mm but d< 2.25t.
For slot welds, slot width d > t + 8 mm but d<
2.25t.
Slot length l < 10t.
End radius r > t.
Spacing between slots p > 4d.

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Practical design
limitations
Effect of tolerances (mismatch)
t

Correct fit

Bad fit - in order to

achieve same strength

> tBS EN 25817 is:

Allowable gap between itemstacc.
1 + 0.3 x t (maximum 4 mm) for moderate quality
0.5 + 0.2 x t (maximum 3 mm) for intermediate
quality
0.5
+TWI
0.1
2 mm)
for stringent
Copyright
2003,
Ltd x t (maximum
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for Materials
Joiningquality

Practical design
limitations

Effect of corner proximity

(see also BS EN 1011-2 Annex

B.3)
t
t

Correct
design

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Corner is melt
away - loss of
weld size! t < t
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Practical design
limitations
Cope hole design (see also BS EN 1011-2
Annex B.4)

Straight cut

Cope hole

(not
recommended)

(recommended
)

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World Centre for Materials Joining