General Review: Final Exam

GENERAL REVIEW
FINAL EXAM
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
EXAM DATE Sunday the 13th of March, 2016
HOUR 08:00 10:00
PAYMENT before 13th of March, 2016
GRADING SYSTEM
MT EXAM 45 points
FINAL EXAM 45 points
QUIZZES 8 points (2pts each)
INTEGRATIVE TASK 2 points
GRADES
You will be able to check your grades in the link

that will appear on the blog
Present Simple
Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero
When to use it?
We use the present simple tense for:

Permanent states
Habits or actions that happend regularly
For general truths
examples
Ben lives in London ( permanent states)
We always have breakfast at eight (happens regularly)
The Earth goes round the sun. (general truth)
AFFIRMATIVE
subject
verb
work
He/She/It
works
We/You/They
work
negative
subject
aux. verb
verb
dont
work
He/She/It
doesnt
work.
We/You/The
y
dont
work
interrogative
Aux.
verb
subject
verb
Do
work
Does
He/She/It
work
Do
We/You/T
hey
work
Be careful!
If the verb ends in o // -sh // -ch, then you
have to add es at the end of the verb.
Play Plays
Dance Dances
Watch Watches
Go Goes
Wash Washes
Present Progressive
When to use it?
We use the present progressive tense for:

Temporary states
Action happening at the moment of speaking
For future arrengements
examples
Im taking driving lesson this month ( temporary states)

Lucy is sleeping now (actions at the moment)
For future arrengements (Were flying to Acapulco tonight)
AFFIRMATIVE
subject
V. Be conj
verb
am
working
He/She/It
is
working
We/You/The
y
are
working
negative
subject
aux.
verb
NOT
Verb
-ing
am
not
working
He/She/It
is
not
working
We/You/They
are
not
working
interrogative
Aux.
verb
subject
verb
Am
working
Is
He/She/It working
Are
We/You/T
working
hey
Be careful when conjugating

the verbs in present
progressive!
Present Simple vs.

Present Progressive
PRESENT SIMPLE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
MAIN USE
MAIN USE
Permanent states
Temporary states
Habits or regular actions
Actions happening at the moment
General truths
Future arrengements
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
Usually, always, often, every day, in
the morning, on Monday, once,
twice, etc.
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
Now, at the moment, today, these
days, this week, tonight, tomorrow,
next week, etc.
The following verbs are normally not used

in progressive tenses
VERBS OF SENSES
Feel, hear, smell, seem, appear
VERBS OF EMOTION
Like, dislike, love, hate, want, need, prefer
The following verbs are normally not used

in progressive tenses
VERBS OF PERCEPTION AND OPINION
Know, mean, think, understand, remember, forget,
imagine, hope, believe
OTHER VERBS
Be, have, own, belong, cost
Past simple
When to use it?

We use the past simple tense for:
Actions that started and were completed at a specific

time in the past
Habitual or repeated actions in the past

Completed actions that happened one after the other
in the past
examples
We bought a house five years ago (started//completed in the past)
I always went to bed Early when I was 5 (habits in past)
I made a sndwich, turned on the TV and watched the match
I went shopping yesterday.
+ VPS + COMPLEMENT
2 Different Options
Verbs
Regular
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Irregular
Regular verbs
For regular verbs, we only add
ed at the end of the verb.
Play Played
Talk Talked
Stay Stayed
Jump Jumped
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Exceptions
1.
Verbs ending in e, only add a d at the end
2.
Verbs ending in a consonant + -y, add ied
3.
Verbs with one syllable ending in CVC form, double the last consonant.
4.
Verbs with 2 or more syllables ending in the CVC form and with the last stressed
syllable
5.
Verbs ending in one vowel + -L, double the L before the ed

Luis Roberto Ortiz
Verbs ending in e, only add a d at the end
Dance Danced
Agree Agreed
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Verbs ending in a consonant + -y,

add ied
Try- Tried
Carry - Carried
Be Careful!
Play Played
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Verbs with one syllable ending in CVC FORM, double

the last consonant.
Stop Stopped
C
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Be Careful!
IF THE VERB ENDS IN X OR W, DONT DOUBLE THE LAST
CONSONANT
FIX FIXED
MIX MIXED
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Verbs with more than one syllable, you only

double the consonant if it has the CVC and it is
stressed
Prefer Preferred
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Be Careful!
Answer Answered
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Verbs ending in one vowel + -L, double

the L before the ed
Travel Travelled
Cancel Cancelled
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Be Careful!
Sail Sailed
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs are different from
each other, so, you need to learn
one by one the cases.
Luis Roberto Ortiz
Some examples
HAVE HAD
GET GOT
BUY BOUGHT
MAKE MADE
COME CAME
EAT ATE
LEAVE LEFT
DO DID
GO WENT
SAW
SEELuis Roberto
Ortiz
Time expressions
Yesterday
Last Night
Last Day
Last Summer
Two days ago
Luis Roberto Ortiz
affirmative sentences
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Verb in
past
Comp.
examples
I played soccer last week.

Sarah danced salsa yesterday.
Peter
and Paco ate broccoli last
morning.
Luis Roberto Ortiz
negative sentences
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Didn
t
Verb
in
simple
form
Comp.
Used to
We use used to to talk about something that

happened regularly in the past but no longer does
We used to go skateboarding every afternoon when were

young
At // In // On
AT
In // on
quantifiers
Some + uncountable / plural countable
We use some + uncountable // plural

countable nouns in affirmative
sentences and offers
There is some orange juice in the fridge
Would you like some chips?
any+ uncountable / plural countable
We use any + uncountable // plural

countable nouns in questions and
negative sentences
Is there any orange juice in the fridge?
There arent any chips in the table.
No (=not any) + uncountable / plural countable
We use no+ uncountable // plural countable

nouns in affirmative sentences yo give a
negative meaning
There is no cheese in the fridge (= There isnt any cheese
in the fridge)
many
We use many with plural countable

nouns, usually in questions and
negative sentences
There arent many books in the bookcase
much
We use much with uncountable

nouns, in questions and negative
sentences
We dont have much money
LOT OF // LOTS OF
We use lot of // lots of with uncountable
plural countable nouns, usually in
affirmative sentences
There is a lot of coffee in my cup
There are lots of apples in the fridge.
A Little
We use a Little with uncountable

nouns in affirmative sentences
There is a Little cheese on the table
A few
We use a few with plural countable

nouns in affirmative sentences
There are a few magazines on the table
Little
We use little with uncountable nouns

when theres not enough of
something
Weve got very little time
few
We use few with plural countable

nouns when there are nout enough of
them
There are very few tomatoes left
What happened?
Lesson 2a
adjectives
Adjectives ending in ed indicate or describe emotions

Adjectives ending in ing describe characteristics of
someone or something
adjectives
We were tired from the journey.

It was nice but it was a bit tiring
Past Progressive
When to use it?

1. For actions that were happening at a specific point of time in the past
2. To describe background scenes to a story
3. For actions that were happening at the same time in the past. In this
case, we usually use while
When to use it?

1. I was watching TV at 7 oclock yesterday evening.
2. Jill was walking in the forest and it was raining.
3. While I was watching TV, my father was cooking
How to form it?
affirmative
+ was//were + verb. ING + comp.
negative
+ was//were +NOT + v.
-ing+ comp.
interrogative
Was//Were + + V- -ing +
comp.
examples
I was playing yesterday at school
Tom wasnt sleeping t in the classroom.
They were studying for the exam yeaterday morning.
Was Many drawing last Monday at class?
Past Simple vs. Past

Progressive
I was painting my room all day yesterday.

I painted it blue.
We use the Past Progressive and the Past Simple in the

same sentence when one action interrupted another in
the past. We use the Past Progressive for the longer
action and the Past Simple for the shorter action. In
this case we usually use while, when, as
I was sleeping when the telephone rang.

As/While I was driving, I saw a cat in the street.
important
We use as soon as with the Past
Simple
"As soon as they left, we started cleaning up the house

example
While I was travelling on the underground, I
saw a strange sign.
One action was in progress when the other happened

example
I was looking at the merchant while he was
cutting the fruit in half
The two actions were happening at the same time

example
As soon as I finished eating the piece, the
merchant offered me more
The two actions happened one after another

Present Perfect
Simple
When to use it?

For
an action which happened in the past, but we dont
mention when exactly
To talk about a state which started in the past and continues

up in the present
For
an action which happened in the past and finished, but
the results are obvious in the present

examples
I have travelled to the USA twice
I have lived in Athens since 1990.
Im tired. I have just finished studying
Look! Mike has broken his leg
formation
affirmative
+ have/has + VPP + comp.
negative
+ have/has + not + VPP + comp.
Interrogative
Have / Has + + VPP + comp. + ?
time expressions
Broaden your mind

Lesson 2E

General Review: Final Exam

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GENERAL REVIEW

You will be able to check your grades in the link

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

When to use it?

We use the present simple tense for:

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

When to use it?

We use the present progressive tense for:

Im taking driving lesson this month ( temporary states)

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

Be careful when conjugating

Present Simple vs.

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

Habits or regular actions

Actions happening at the moment

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

The following verbs are normally not used

The following verbs are normally not used

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

When to use it?

Actions that started and were completed at a specific

Habitual or repeated actions in the past

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

I went shopping yesterday.

Verbs ending in e, only add a d at the end

Verbs ending in a consonant + -y, add ied

Verbs ending in one vowel + -L, double the L before the ed

Verbs ending in e, only add a d at the end

Verbs ending in a consonant + -y,

Verbs with one syllable ending in CVC FORM, double

Luis Roberto Ortiz

Verbs with more than one syllable, you only

Luis Roberto Ortiz

Luis Roberto Ortiz

Verbs ending in one vowel + -L, double

Luis Roberto Ortiz

Luis Roberto Ortiz

I played soccer last week.

and Paco ate broccoli last

Luis Roberto Ortiz

We use used to to talk about something that

We used to go skateboarding every afternoon when were

Some + uncountable / plural countable

We use some + uncountable // plural

any+ uncountable / plural countable

We use any + uncountable // plural

No (=not any) + uncountable / plural countable

We use no+ uncountable // plural countable

We use many with plural countable

We use much with uncountable

We use a Little with uncountable

We use a few with plural countable

We use little with uncountable nouns

We use few with plural countable

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero

Adjectives ending in ed indicate or describe emotions

Luis Roberto Ortiz Guerrero