1

4G Technology
Ali Mohammad Hossein Zadeh (110
FCM April 2011

Overview
1. 0G
2. 1G
3. Cellular Telephone
System
4. 2G
5. TMDA and CMDA
6. 2G Evolution
7. 3G
9. 4G Requirements by
ITU
10. 3G vs. 4G
11. 4G discontinued
candidate systems

12. Clear 4G?

13. P1 4G?
14. What we have now?
15. 4G candidates
16. 4G in Malaysia
17. Key Technologies for 4G
18. OFDMA
19. MIMO
20. How WIMAX is better
21. How LTE is better
22. References

0G or Mobile Radio Telephone

Predecessors of cellular telephones

Based on radio frequencies
Transmitter-Receiver (transceiver) with Antenna
Technologies: PTT, MTS, IMTS, AMTS
Mounted in Cars, Trains, Ships
Different power based on platform

1G

Cellular Telephone System

Analog, Voice Only, Digital signaling
First lunched in Japan by NTT, 1979
Voice modulated to higher frequency
150 MHz and up
1st international roaming
Different technologies in different
countries: NMT, Hicap, Mobitex, DataTAC

Cellular Telephone System

Mobile Telephone
Switching Office
Public Switched
Telephone
Network

Base Transceiver
Station

2G

1st lunched in Finland by Radiolinja, 1991

Conversations encrypted digitally, SMS, EMail
Digital Signals > Compressing > Increase
system capacity
Less radio Power > Smaller Devices
Technologies: Time division multiple
access (TDMA), Code division multiple
access (CDMA)

TDMA and CDMA

TDMA

CDMA

2G Evolution

2.5G
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

Standardized by ETSI
Data rates from 56 kbit/s up to 115 kbit/s
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
Internet communication services
Sending SMS faster

2G Evolution

2.75G
Enhanced Data rates for GSM
Evolution (EDGE)

Standardized by 3GPP
higher-order PSK/8 phase shift keying
Incremental Redundancy
Data rates up to 236.8 kbit/s

Evolved EDGE
Bit rates are increased up to 1 MBit/s peak
bandwidth
Latencies down to 80
Signal quality is improved

3G

1st lunched in Japan by NTT, 2001

Data rate of 2 Mbit/s for stationary users
and 384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle
Security
Wide-area wireless voice telephone
Video calls
Mobile TV

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3G vs. 4G

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4G Requirements by ITU

12

100 Mbit/s moving users and

1 Gbit/s stationary users
IP packet-switched network
More users per cell
Smooth handovers across heterogeneous
networks
Offer high quality of service for next
generation multimedia

Clear 4G?

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P1 4G?

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What we have now?

LTE
Long Term Evolution
A project by the 3rd Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP)

WiMax
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access
A project by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

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4G discontinued candidate systems

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e)
UMB (formerly EV-DO Rev. C)
Flash-OFDM
iBurst and MBWA (IEEE 802.20)

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4G Candidates

In 2009 these technologies submitted to ITU as 4G

candidates:
LTE Advanced
Not a new technology
Will be ready in 2012
Standardized by 3GPP
IEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced
Under development
Standardized by IEEE

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Key Technologies for 4G

18

Orthogonal frequency-division multiple

access (OFDMA)
multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)
Both are use in LTE Advanced and
WirelessMAN-Advanced

OFDMA

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OFDMA can also be described as a

combination of frequency domain and time
domain multiple access, where the
resources are partitioned in the timefrequency space, and slots are assigned
along the OFDM symbol index as well as
OFDM sub-carrier index.

MIMO

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The technology where there are multiple antennas at

the base station and multiple antennas at the mobile
device.
Multiple antennas at both the base station and terminal
can significantly increase data rates with sufficient
multipath

4G in Malaysia

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19th November,2010, Yes4G WiMAX

luched by YTLC
5X faster then 3G (note 3g is only 384kbps)

5th of April,2011, P1 , worlds first WIMAXLong Term Evolution Time Division Duplex
(LTE TDD)
On the peak downlink throughput in a cell, the
demo reached an impressive 130Mbps on a
20MHz band.

How WIMAX is better

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How LTE is better

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Summary

Generation

Definition

Speed

Real Speed

Technology

Analog

AMPS,NMT,...

Digital
9.614.4 kbps
(Narrow
Band Circuit
Data)

TDMACDMA- GSM

2.5

Packet Data

171 kbps

20-40 kbps

GPRS

Digital
Broadband
Packet Data

3.1 Mbps

500-700
kbps

CDMA2000EDGE-UMTS

3.6 Mbps

1-3 Mbps

HSPA

3.5
4

Digital
Broadband
Packet Data
All IP

100-300 Mbps 3-5 Mbps

LTE
AdvancedWiMaxMan
Advanced

References

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Nishat Kabir, Rhituparna Paul, Tahnia Farheen (2008). 4G Mobile

Architecture. Retrieved from
http://salmandk.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/5/2/1952819/ug_thesis_on
_4g_mobile_architechture.pdf
Allen H. Kupetz, K. Terrell Brown (2003). 4G - A Look Into the Future
of Wireless Communications. Rollins Business Journal.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1G
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESxAajD_nM0&feature=related
http://www.lteportal.com/
http://www.mybroadbandnews.com/
http://www.gsmworld.com/

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Thank You

Grazie

Dank

Terima kasih

Gracias