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Autofrettage in pressure

vessels

Residual stress analysis of Autofrettaged thick-walled


spherical pressure vessel

Results are obtained by developing an extension of variable material


properties (VMP) method ( Find out the Autofrettaged stress and strains by
using the formula).
By performing a parametric study, the optimum autofrettage pressure and
corresponding autofrettage percent for creating desirable residual stress
state are introduced and determined.
The modification makes VMP method applicable for analyses of spherical
vessels based on actual material behavior both in loading and unloading
and considering variable Bauschinger effect.
In addition, the optimum pressure for autofrettage of the spherical pressure
vessels made of A723 and HB7 steels is discussed here.

Residual stress analysis of Autofrettaged thick-walled


spherical pressure vessel
Boundary conditions:

The yield strength of A723 steels are considered 1130


MPa.
outer radius/inner radius
=2

The maximum applied working pressure for A723 steel.(the maximum internal pressure without causing
yielding) is

=410MPa

Residual stress analysis of Autofrettaged thick-walled


spherical pressure vessel

By using the Lames equations for calculating the hoop stress, radial stress, along the
thickness of the cylinder, when the ends of the cylinder are open and unconstrained so that the
cylinder is in a condition of plane stress.

The radial displacement is

Residual stress analysis of Autofrettaged thick-walled


spherical pressure vessel
Calculation of autofrettage pressure (Pa):
Let n be denoted as the ratio of operating pressure to yield stress.

=0.41
Let m be the ratio of Autofrettaged radius to inner radius

Since, the value of autofrettaged radius was not found, an equation


which gives a relation between n and m was used to found the
value of m based on von Misses criterion.

1.41

Residual stress analysis of Autofrettaged thick-walled


spherical pressure vessel

=680MPa
Determination of autofrettaged radius ()

Calculation of maximum von-Mises stress (vonmax)

FEM ANALYSIS
CAD Model and FE model:

Sl
no

Specifications

valu
e

Density(kg/m3)

7680

Poisson's ratio

0.3

Young's modulus
(MPa)

2e5

Yield stress (MPa)

1130

Tangent
modulus(MPa)

2100
0

Inner radius : 30 mm
Outer radius: 60 mm
Thickness : 1mm

Bi and Multi linear stress-strain


curve:

Boundary condition

A -Y axis free, Both X,Z axis fixed


B- X axis free, Both Y,Z axis fixed

Pressure is applied 410MPa

linear isotropic Results:


Pressure is applied for 1cycle.

Equivalent stress:

axial stress

Hoop stress

Radial stress

Bilinear isotropic Results:


Pressure is applied for 1cycle.

Equivalent stress:

Hoop stress

Axial stress

Radial stress

Bilinear isotropic Results:


Pressure is applied for 7cycle.

Equivalent stress:

Hoop stress

Axial stress

Radial stress

Bilinear isotropic Results:


Pressure is applied for 7cycle with
20% extra.

Equivalent stress:

Hoop stress

Axial stress

Radial stress

Bilinear isotropic Results:


Pressure is applied for 7cycle with
25% extra.

Equivalent stress:

Hoop stress

Axial stress

Radial stress

Multi linear isotropic


Results:

Pressure is applied for 1cycle.

Equivalent stress:

Axial stress

Hoop stress

Radial stress

Multi linear isotropic


Results:

Pressure is applied for 7 cycle with


autofrettage .

Equivalent stress:

Axial stress

Hoop stress

Radial stress

Multi linear isotropic


Results:

Pressure is applied for 7 cycle with 20 %


autofrettage .

Equivalent stress:

Axial stress

Hoop stress

Radial stress

Multi linear isotropic


Results:

Pressure is applied for 7 cycle with 25 %


autofrettage .

Equivalent stress:

Axial stress

Hoop stress

Radial stress

Conclusion

The residual stress distribution induced in autofrettaged spherical


pressure vessels made of A723 steels, based on their actual
behavior in loading and unloading was evaluated by numerical
method (Bilinear and multilinear analysis).
It was investigated that usage of isotropic hardening model in
analysis leads to significant overestimation in residual hoop stress.
The autofrettage percent by which high compressive and relatively
low tensional hoop residual stress are simultaneously attainable
near the inner and outer radii of the vessel was introduced as the
optimum percentage of autofrettage.
It was observed that in the case of A723 spherical vessel with
radius ratio of 2, by increasing autofrettage percent up to 25 %,
the inner compressive hoop residual stress decreases and the
outer hoop tensional stress gradually increases (Both in bilinear
and multilinear analysis.

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