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turbomquinas
La turbina de vapor de una planta de
produccin de energa es un equipo sencillo,
y como mquina industrial, es una mquina
madura. La turbina de vapor es una mquina
muy conocida para los diseadores,
constructores, instaladores y mantenedores.
Se conoce casi todo de ella, y de hecho, ms
del 70% de la energa elctrica generada en
el mundo se produce diariamente con
turbinas de vapor.
As
MANTENIMIENTO PREVENTIVO
Mantenimiento Operativo Diario
Mantenimiento Quincenal
Tareas de mantenimiento de
carcter mensual
Muestra
Mantenimiento Anual
Si se realizan todas las actividades que se detallan en esta lista, en realidad se estn
eliminando todas las causas que provocan las averas ms frecuentes.
Rotura de labes
Areas Crticas en la
turbina de gas
Operation environment (high temperature, fuel and air contamination, solid particles, etc.).
High mechanical stresses (due to centrifugal force, vibratory and flexural stresses, etc.).
High thermal stresses (due to thermal gradients).
Typically there are acting two or more factors simultaneously causing reduction of blade lifetime.
The type of damage, which occurs in gas turbine blades and nozzles after a service period, can
be divided into [47]:
External and internal surface damages (corrosion, oxidation, crack formation, erosion,
foreign object damage and fretting).
Internal damage of microstructure, such as c0[Ni3(Al,Ti)] phase aging (rafting), grain growth,
creep and grain boundary void formation, carbides precipitation and brittle phases formation.
Total service time and operation history (number of start-ups, shut-downs and trips).
Engine operational conditions (temperature, rotational speed, mode of operation (base load,
cyclic duty)).
Manufacturing differences (grain size, porosity, alloy composition, heat treatment).
Inspeccin
visual
Position of the failed blade and the
damages were caused due to failure. (a)
Upper view of the failed blade and
surroundings.
(b) Leading edge damage in some blades.
Aerodynamic forces
Scheme for deriving the equation of
momentum for a turbine stage.
Anlisis de vibraciones
The harmonic
analysis shows the
value of dynamic
stresses distributed
along the bucket.
The labeled points
were selected to
show
the value of stresses
corresponding to the
fractured sample.
The yellow arrows
demonstrate
precession of
breaking edge.
Conclusiones
Ensayos de turbomquinas