HUMAN AND

SOCIAL BIOLOGY
10 CMH / 9CMH
FOOD CHAIN
Femitech Production

Interacting with the Environment

Environment
Everything

around you is part of your

environment.

In

the classroom you are surrounded by

living and non-living things ( books, desks,
teacher, other students, etc).

The

surroundings of an organism, composed

of biotic and abiotic factors.

Biotic
The living things in the environment.

Abiotic
The non-living things in the environment.
or example light, temperature, wind
patterns, rocks, soil

Habitat
The place that suits an organism and
where it can live (we do not find fish living in tree) .
Habitat

must supply everything the

organism needs for growth and
reproduction.

Habitats

may be on land
(terrestrial habitats) or
in water (aquatic).

Living organisms need particular things in

order to survive. They only in habitats
where they can find these things. Tropical
fish need warm, salty water, so they are
found in habitats such as the Caribbean
sea.
Some of the biotic and abiotic components
that organisms need in their habitats are:
Sources of food
Water
Air
Light
Suitable temperature

Ecosystem
This is a community of living organisms
and physical environment.
In

an ecosystem, the living organisms

(biotic elements) interact with each
other and with the abiotic elements
around them.

In

an ecosystem, each organism

has its' own role to play

Feeding Relationships
This is a good example of how living
organisms in an ecosystem interact
with each other.
Groups of living things in an
ecosystem
1.Producers
These are organisms that make their.
The

producers are green plants in most

terrestrial ecosystems, which make food
by photosynthesis.

In aquatic ecosystems, water plants and

green algae produce food by
photosynthesis.
Consumers
Organisms that feed on other organisms.
2.Herbivores
organisms that feed on plants only
These are call primary consumers
3. Carnivores
Animal that feed on other animal only
They are call secondary consumers

4. Omnivores
Animals that eat both plants and
animals.
They are call tertiary consumers.
5. Decomposers
These include fungi and bacteria
They obtain food by decomposing dead
organic material and wastes.
These organisms break down complex
substances and release simple inorganic
substances from dead organisms so that
these can returned to the environment.

What is Food Chain ?

The sequence by which energy pass
from plant to animal and then to other
animals.

The

feeding relationship between

plants and animals.

Feeding

is the process by which

organisms obtain energy and raw
materials for life processes.

The

arrows show the direction of energy

flow from organism to organism in the
ecosystem.

The different stages of feeding in a food

chain are called trophic levels.

Energy Losses
The sun provide plants with energy
for photosynthesis.
Each

organism in the food chain

uses some energy.

When

food passed from one trophic

level to the next, a lot of the
energy is lost.

Energy

is loss by respiration, urine,

faeces and undigested parts.

There

is less energy available the

further you go along the chain.

Trophic Level
This is the position an organism
occupies in a food chain.
The

organism at first trophic level

is the producer.

Herbivores

are found at the second

trophic level.

Carnivores

are normally found at

the third trophic level.

At

the fourth trophic level a second

carnivore is found.