The Nature of Failure

Fathiya Karimah
1306368734
Irfan Ramajati 1306368740
Teuku M. Iqbal Iftikar 1306368721

as engineers and designers push the

boundaries by building taller buildings,
longer bridges, or by reaching further into
space. Each time there is a failure or
disaster, changes are made and
regulations introduced only to be
outstripped by further developments.

(Hard Lessons, by Nick

Spurrier, 20 April 2009, The
Institution of Engineering
and Technology).

The Nature of Failure

In reliability theory, failure is defined as
the event when a required function is
terminated.
What it can do

What we want it to do

What it can do
(resistance to stress)

What we want it to do
(applied stress)

Equipment fail when can drops

below want
(when the ability to resist stress
drops below applied stress)

LIFE

Point at
which
failure
occurs

Definition
A failure occurs when and only when a structure or
system does not perform according to design
specification.
An item is considered to have failed under one of
the following conditions:
1. When it becomes completely inoperable
2. When it is still operable, but no longer able to
perform a required function
3. When a serious deterioration makes the item
unsafe for its continued use

Causes of Failure
1. Deficiencies in design
2. Improper selection of process and manufacturing
technique
3. Lack of knowledge and experience
4. Errors of assembly
5. Improper service conditions

Source: http://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/23904/human-factorsengineering-reliability, Drew Troyer (diakses 00.23 WIB)

Failure Rate
ratio of number of failures (f) during a
specific test interval to the total test
time of items undergoing test.

P-F Interval
Represents the second (middle)
phase in a three-phaselife cycle
modelanddeterioration modelof
assets.
1. Pre-P Period(<P)
2. P-F Interval (P-F)
3. Post-F Period(>F)

P-F Interval
"Potential Failure"("P") is first
detected on anasset, or component,
until it has reached"Functional
Failure"("F")
P-F curve helps the owner determine
which types of asset replacement
policyis most appropriate to
theirtolerance for risk.

Application of the P-F Interval

Functional Failure (F) is a bearing seazing in a fan
motor and causing the fan to stop. Partial failure,
or potential failure (P), is a worn impeller in a
pump that still pumps fluid but not to the required
level.
Potential Failure (P) is the loss of some protective
granules from the cap sheet of an SBS roof.
Functional Failure (F) is the leakage through a roof
system into the occupied space below as a result of
systemic delamination and blistering of the
waterproofing membrane.

References
http://www.assetinsights.net/Glossary/G_PF_Curve.html (diakses 14.28 WIB)
Telsang, Martand. 2006. Industrial Engineering And
Production Management. S.Chand. New Delhi
Inkster, Ian. 2005. History of Technology Volume 26.
Continuum. New York.