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Semestre 2014-II
Types of Pumps
There are many pump classifications. One classification is
according to the method energy is imparted to the liquid: kinetic
energy, or positive displacement.
A centrifugal pump is of kinetic energy type - it imparts energy to
a liquid by meansof centrifugal force produced by a rotating
impeller.
A positive displacement pumpimparts energy by mechanical
displacement. Piston, diaphragm, plunger, screw,vane, and gear
pumps
are
some
examples.
Centrifugal pumps are widely-used because of its design
simplicity, highefficiency, wide range of capacity and head,
smooth flow rate, and ease ofoperation and maintenance.
(Displacement pumps are of lower flow range andhave pulsating
flow rate).
Description of Centrifugal
Pump
One of the most common radial flow turbo machine is centrifugal
pump. This type of pump has two main components. An impeller
attached to the rotating shaft, and a stationery casing, housing,
or volute enclosing the impeller. The impeller consists of a
number of blades (usually curved) also sometimes called vanes,
arranged in a regular pattern around the shall.
(a)
(b)
(c)
The first term on the right hand represents gain in the kinetic
Since (Z2 Z1) is often much smaller than (P2 P1)/, it can be eliminated
and thus the
static pressure is given by
Flow velocity
The constant a1 =
/g represents ideal head developed by the
pump for zero flow rate and it is referred to as "shut off" head.
The slope of curve of head versus flow rate depends on sign and
magnitude of a2.
The value of
is usually
based on motor requirement
and values of Q and H are
those at maximum efficiency.
The type of pump is selected
based on value of p . For
H
H
AA
H
H
H = HA +
HB
BA
Q
A