Metode penelitian

Theoretical Framework
and Hypothesis
Development

04

Ajang Mulyadi

Pentingnya kerangka pemikiran

Theoretical framework

represent your beliefs on how

certain phenomena (or variables or concepts) are related to
each other (a model ) and an explanation of why you believe
that these variables are associated with each other (a
theory)

Process of building a theoretical framework :

Introducing definitions of the concepts or variables in
your model;
Developing a conceptual model that provides a
descriptive representation of your theory;
Coming up with a theory that provides an explanation
for relationships between the variables in your model

variabe
variabe
ll

Hubungan
Hubungan antar
antar
variabel
variabel

Ajang Mulyadi

Didasarkan pada
teori tertentu

Konsep konstruk - variabel

aconcept: is a fundamentalcategory of existence. Incontemporary

philosophy, there are at least three prevailing ways to understand what

a concept is: 1)
Concepts asmental representations, where concepts are entities that
exist in the brain.
Concepts asabilities, where concepts are abilities peculiar to
cognitive agents.
Concepts asabstract objects, where objects are the constituents of
propositions that mediate between thought, language, and referents.

Construct (philosophy of science), a hypothetical object whose phenomenal

existence depends upon a subject's mind

Variabel : konstruk atau konsep yang memiliki variasi nilai

Variabel : is anything that can take on differing or varying values.
An attribute : is a specific value on a variable.

object
s
1)

entities
entities
entities

concept

Atribut
1
Atribut
2

variabe
l

Eric Margolis; Stephen Lawrence."Concepts".Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab at Stanford
University. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
Ajang Mulyadi
3

Macam-macam Variabel
Tipe nilai/atribut :

Continuum: variabel yang nilainya dapat dinyatakan dalam

angka pecahan;
Descrete : variabel yang nilainya hanya dapat dinyatakan dalam
bilangan bulat;

Posisi/kedudukan :

Independent (predictor) atau variabel bebas : adalah variabel

yang dalam kerangka pemikiran penelitian kita ditempatkan
sebagai variabel yang mempengaruhi variabel lain;
Dependent (criterion) atau variabel terikat : variabel yang
dalam kerangka pemikiran penelitian kita diduga dipengaruhi
oleh variabel bebas;
Moderating : a variable that influences or moderates the
relation between two other variables and thus produces an
interaction effect.
Intervening : a variable that explains a relation or provides a
causal link between other variables.

Ajang Mulyadi

Organizatio
nal
Effectivenes
s
dependent

Workforce
diversity
independent

Managerial
Expertise
moderating

Workforce
diversity

Creative
Synergy

independent

Mediating/
intervening
Ajang Mulyadi

Organizatio
nal
Effectivenes
s
dependent

Komponen Kerangka Pemikiran

A good theoretical framework identifies and defines
the important variables in the situation that are
relevant to the problem and subsequently describes
and explains the interconnections among these
variables;
Basic features :

The variables considered relevant to the study

should be clearly defined;
A conceptual model that describes the relationships
between the variables in the model should be given;
There should be a clear explanation of why we
expect these relationships to exist

Ajang Mulyadi

Penjelasan konsep variabel secara

teoritis, sampai menemukan
indikator untuk mengukur variabel
tersebut

Deskripsi kerangka
pemikiran

BAB
2

Model hubungan antar

variabel
HIPOTESIS

Ajang Mulyadi

HIPOTESIS
A hypothesis : a tentative, yet testable,
statement, which predicts what you
expect to find in your empirical data;
A hypothesis : as logically conjectured
relationships between two or more
variables expressed in the form of
testable statements
Hypotheses are derived from the theory
on which your conceptual model is based
and are often relational in nature.
Ajang Mulyadi

FORMAT HIPOTESIS
If-Then Statements :
If employees are more healthy, then they will take sick leave less frequently

Directional hypotheses :
The greater the stress experienced in the job, the lower the job
satisfaction of employees
Women are more motivated than men

Nondirectional hypotheses :
There is a relationship between age and job satisfaction
Terdapat perbedaan sikap terhadap profesi guru antara mahasiswa yang
berasal dari pedesaan dengan mahasiswa yang berasal dari perkotaan

Null hypotheses (H0): set up to be rejected in order to

support an alternate hyphotesis.

H 0 : A B

or

H0 : A B 0

Alternate hyphotesis : statement expressing a relationship

between two variables, or, indicating differences between
groups

H A : A B

or

H A : A B

Ajang Mulyadi