A NOVEL FILTERING SCHEME TO

PREVENT TRANSMISSION
SYSTEMS FROM INFILTRATION
OF HARMONICS
Deependra Rastogi
M150236EE
Power System
1

CONTENTS
Introduction
Literature survey
Harmonics buildup in modern distribution systems
Typical mitigation schemes
Tertiary winding filter scheme
Design of the filter
Simulation studies
Application
Conclusion
References
2

INTRODUCTION
For a power system engineer Power Quality is being

always a concern. Which is mostly affected by

Harmonics content in the system.
In the solution of above problem various measures

have already been taken.

But with the invent of power electronic switches now

at domestic end harmonics are affecting power quality.

Domestic load works at low level voltage hence

individually their harmonic content is negligible.

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INTRODUCTION (cont.)
But

when we consider a distribution network, these

harmonics are much more significant and affect the power
quality.

In distribution networks, ZS and NZS both type of harmonics

present.
To prevent the transmission system from these unwanted

frequency component various scheme have been proposed.

But due to some limitations, schemes should be choose

with care.
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LITERATURE SURVEY
[1]. S. Bhattacharyya, S. Cobben, P. Ribeiro, and W. Kling, Harmonic emission
limits and responsibilities at a point of connection, IET Gen. Transm. Distrib.,
vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 256264, Mar. 2012.
This paper describes the various standards that are currently available about

harmonics and it also explain the THD generated by various loads.

[2]. D. Salles, J. Chen, W. Xu, W. Freitas, and H. E. Mazin, Assessing the

collective harmonic impact of modern residential loadsPart I&II, IEEE Trans.
Power Del., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1937-1955, Oct. 2012.
This paper explain A probabilistic method to determine the harmonic impact of

residential loads and houses.

5

LITERATURE SURVEY (cont.)

[3]. P. Bagheri and W. Xu, "A technique to mitigate zero-sequence
harmonics in power distribution systems," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol.
29, no. 1, pp. 215-223, Feb. 2014.
This paper presents the techniques of ZS harmonics mitigation.

[4]. Tianyu Ding and Wilsun Xu, A Filtering Scheme to Reduce the
Penetration of Harmonics into Transmission Systems, IEEE Trans. Power
Del., vol. 31, issue 99 , No.1, Feb. 2016.
In this paper a passive harmonic filter have been explained and it also

compare various harmonic filter techniques.

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HARMONICS BUILDUP IN MODERN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Several domestic electrical equipment are available in

market which depend on electronic switches.

These equipment are energy efficient but due to use of

non linear power

harmonics too.

electronic

switches,

generate

Several modern home appliances such as compact

fluorescent lights, LCD TVs and personal computers

generally inject a large amount of harmonic currents
into their supply systems.
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HARMONICS BUILDUP (cont.)

Fig: 1 Harmonic current magnitudes of different devices under clean supply voltage[3]
8

HARMONICS BUILDUP (cont.)

Although each of the devices is not individually a large

source of harmonics, the collective effect is dangerous.

The high levels of harmonic distortion in a power

system increase the risk of different troublesome and

unwelcome effects.
Fig: 2 Correlation between
instantaneous voltage and
current of a load. (a) plot of
the dryer. (b) plot of
microwave. [4]

TYPICAL MITIGATION SCHEMES

In distribution system single phase loads generate

basically triplen harmonics and other odd order

harmonics.
Triplen harmonics are Zero-order harmonics and other

odd harmonics we can say that Non Zero-order

harmonics.
Based on Harmonics we can classify these schemes

as Zero-Sequence Harmonic Mitigation Techniques

Nonzero-Sequence Harmonic Mitigation Technique
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ZERO SEQUENCE HARMONICS MITIGATION

Triplen

harmonics (3rd,9th) are the zero sequence

harmonics.

Single-phase nonlinear loads such as CFL, computers,

refrigerator, energy efficient home appliances etc. are

the most significant source of ZS harmonics.
There are two connection terminology to remove ZS

harmonics.
Transformer connection
Passive zero sequence filter
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ZERO SEQUENCE HARMONICS MITIGATION

TRANSFORMER CONNECTION For prevention of system from triplen harmonics we

can utilize a transformer.

As we know that delta connection does not allow the

zero sequence current in to line, hence we can use this

connection.
Ungrounded

wye connection
prevention from ZS harmonics.

is

also

helpful

in
12

ZERO SEQUENCE HARMONICS MITIGATION

Passive zero sequence filter

The main principle of this kind of filter is to make a

very low impedance path for triplen harmonics.

Fig: 3 The conventional ZS harmonic filters:

(a) zig-zag transformer-based (b) star-type (c) star-type including a three-phase
inductor. [1]

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Passive zero sequence filter-

A topology consists of a Yg/ transformer with a tuned

capacitor inserted into the delta winding.

By inserting a capacitor into the delta loop and

adjusting the capacitor size, a very low ZS impedance

can be created at a desired harmonic frequency.

We can also use a Zig-zag transformer to overcome

this issue.

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Nonzero-Sequence Harmonic Mitigation

Technique
Except

triplen all odd order harmonics are NZS

harmonics.

The shunt connected passive harmonic filters are a

popular choice for the medium- and high-voltage

applications in power systems.
Commonly used LC NZS filters include the

tuned filter, damped filter, and C-type filter.

Fig: 4 Tuned LC filter [1]
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TERTIARY WINDING FILTER SCHEME

for ZS elemination delta winding is used and for NZS

elemination we can use star winding by making a low

impedance path.
For this scheme we can utilize the tertiary winding of a

distribution transformer.
The basic concept behind this scheme is, to utilize the

leakage impedance as very low impedance of the tertiary

winding at certain frequencies.
By connecting the tirtiary in to delta and then by adding LC

component, a low impedance path can be make.

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TERTIARY WINDING FILTER SCHEME

Fig: 5 Arrangement of LC component in tertiary

winding[1]

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EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

Fig: 6 Equivalent Circuit of distribution network [1]

Where Zup+/-/0(h) represents the equivalent transmission system harmonic

impedance seen at the primary side
Zdown+/-/0(h) and Idown+/-/0(h) represent the impedance and harmonic
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current source of distribution feeders.

DESIGN OF THE FILTER

We design filter by considering that it will trap two ZS

component (3rd and 9th order) by delta and three NZS

component (5th,7th and 11th ) by star.
leakage impedance of the tertiary winding will also

consider.
For the effective filter, impedance of the filter must be

less than the impedance offering by the system

RX3 << |RX1+jhwo LX1| < | RX1+jhwo LX1+Zup+/-/0(h)|
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DESIGN OF THE FILTER

&
Where-

Where hi and hj represent the ZStuned order of the tertiary winding

filter.[6]
Fig: 7 Topology of the tertiary winding filter (a- for
ZS and b- for NZS) [1]
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DESIGN OF THE FILTER

For Star connection the NZS

impedance of the filter at
harmonic order h can be
expressed as
For removal of hth order f(h) will
be zero
Where
f (h) = {[1 h2wo2C1(L1+L3+LX3)](1
h2wo2L2C2) h2wo2L2C1} (C3+C4
h2wo2L4C3C4) +3C1(1 h2wo2L2C2)(1
h 2 w o2 L 4 C 3 )
g(h) = hwoC1(1 h2wo2L2C2) (C3+C4
h 2 w o2 L 4 C 3 C 4 )

Fig: 8 Flow chart of design procedure for the

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tertiary winding filter. [1]

SIMULATION STUDIES
To examine the performance of tertiary winding filter a

simulation study has been done for distribution

system.

Though the modelling of distribution system cant be

done exactly but somewhat results are satisfactory.

Fig: 9 total current demand

distortion (TDD) variation
of currents propagating
into the transmission
system [1]

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SIMULATION STUDIES
Fig: 10 Typical Individual current
demand distortion (IDD) spectra of
currents propagating into the
transmission system.

Fig: 11 THD variation of voltages

at the primary side of the
substation transformer.[1]

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SIMULATION STUDIES

Fig: 12 Typical Individual

harmonic distortion (IHD) spectra
of voltages at the primary side of
the substation transformer.

. Since the load varies with the course of the day, time-varying results
are obtained.
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APPLICATIONS
Various type of energy efficient loads are the main cause

behind the generation of harmonics in domestic supply lines.

These harmonics are odd in nature, for triplen harmonics we

can use secondary of substation transformer as delta but

that will be not sufficient because NZS harmonics will still in
the system.
To overcome this issue we can use the tertiary winding filter

and in doing this we would not need a separate transformer.

in this technique the transformer tertiary MVA is half of the

primary winding hence it will save cost of the LC component

and power loss will also be less.
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CONCLUSION
By using this filter technique we can easily trap around

98% of harmonic current.

In this scheme we are utilizing substation

transformers tertiary.

It can trap two ZS and 3 NZS component

simultaneously.

This filter scheme is cost effective.

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REFERENCES
1. Tianyu Ding and Wilsun Xu, A Filtering Scheme to Reduce the Penetration of

Harmonics into Transmission Systems, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 31, issue 99 ,
No.1, Feb. 2016.
2. P. Bagheri and W. Xu, "A technique to mitigate zero-sequence harmonics in power

distribution systems," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 215-223, Feb. 2014.
3. S. Bhattacharyya, S. Cobben, P. Ribeiro, and W. Kling, Harmonic emission limits and

responsibilities at a point of connection, IET Gen. Transm. Distrib., vol. 6, no. 3, pp.
256264, Mar. 2012.
4. D. Salles, J. Chen, W. Xu, W. Freitas, and H. E. Mazin, Assessing the collective

harmonic impact of modern residential loadsPart I&II, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol.
27, no. 4, pp. 1937-1955, Oct. 2012.
5. CEATI Technical Report, Power quality impact from mass penetration of energy

efficient and consumer electronic devices, CEATI International Inc., Project

T084700-5146 A&B, Sep. 2011.
6. J. Arrillaga, D. A. Bradley, and P. S. Bodger, Power System Harmonics. New York, USA:

Wiley, 1985.

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THANK YOU!

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