Overall operation

Following fig. Illustrates the basic structure of the relay 7SJ62,All the tasks such as
acquisition of the measured quantities,issuing of commands and other primary power system
equipment are processed in digital way. It has the following main parts.

Main Inputs (MI) or Analog Inputs (AI)

Input Amplification stage (IA)
Analog to Digital converter (AD)
Micro Computer system (C)
Binary Inputs / Outputs
Front Elements
Serial Interfaces
Power Supply

Hardware structure of the 7SJ62 numerical relay

The following are the scope of the applications of SIPROTEC 4 7SJ62.

1.Protective Functions:Non directional over current protection is the basis of the
7SJ62.The protective functions depends on the version of device that is ordered,the above
protection can be supplemented with directional over current protection (67,67N),Breaker
failure protection & sensitive ground fault protection(50Ns,67Ns).User charecteristics can
be programmed or IEC charecteristics can be selected.For motor protection, starting time
inhibit(66/68),supervision (48) and with under current monitoring are additionally available.
2.Control Functions: It supports all control and monitoring functions that are required for
operating medium to high voltage substations.status of he equipment can be transmitted with
the help of binary inputs.the above controls can be accomplished via he operating panel and
system interface,the binary inputs and the serial port using the personal computer.
3.Messages and measured values and Recording of Event and Fault Data.
4.Communication: There are three communication interfaces:
1.Front port 2.System serial port 3.Rear service port


Powerful 32 bit microprocessor
Complete digital processing and control.
Total electrical separation between the processing stages of 7SJ62.
Complete set of protection for the lines,feeders,motors, & busbars.
Continuous calculation and display of the mesured quantities on the front panel
Easy device operation through an integrated operating panel/by means of the PC
running DIGSI.
Recording of the event data,fault data and wave form captures with SER
information to be used for analysis and trouble shooting.
Communication with the serial interfaces through the choice of data cable,modem
or optical fibers.
Constant monitoring of the measurement quantities,as well as continuousself
diagnostics covering the hardware and software.

Time over current protection.-50

Directional over current protection.-67
Dynamic cold load protection.-50c,67c
Sensitive ground fault detection.64,50Ns,67Ns.
Negative sequence current protection.46,46TOC
Starting time monitoring for motors
Thermal over load protection.-49
Start Inhibits for motors.-66/68

Voltage protection.-27 & 59

Frequency Protection.-81 O/U
Breaker failure protection 50BF
Automatic Reclosing 79M
Fault location
Phase rotation
User defined functions
Monitoring functions
Breaker Control


Fig.shows the front view and rear view of 7SJ62 relay for panel flush mounting.

Connections to electrical communication

interfaces
9pin D-subminiature female socketconnectors are
provided for all the electrical communication interfacesof
7SJ62.

Operating interface
Serial system interface

front side
rear side

Time synchronization
interface rear side

9 pin D-subminiature connector

*Operating control Panel:The operating control panel has a structured tree within
which movements and actions are made using the arrow keys ,the MENU,ENTER and
ESC keys on the front panel.

Example for the operational indication reading

Masking inputs & outputs(configuration matrix).

Passwords.
Commissioning aids
Help system.
Information retrieval.
Serial interfaces.


Device configuration
It shows available functions in relay according to the order
number(example:7SJ62-11-5EB22-1HGO/EE).
-In device configuration we can enable or disable the required functions and
send it from software to the device.

Fig. Setting device

configuration

 Configuration of inputs & outputs

A configuration matrix determines the processing of the binary inputs,outputs,LEDs
and indication buffers.

-It is divided into the following columns

1.Device functions with selection field for the function settings.
2.Messages.
3.Source that is origin of the information.
4.Destination of information.
-Function keys setup
-CFC Continuos function chart set up with the help of DIGSI4 CFC.

I/O Masking with Configuration matrix

 Power system data

There are two groups of power system datas.
POWER SYSTEM DATA-1
-In power system data-1 important setting are entered related to the
primary equipment connected to device.
-Frequency, Voltage
-Data for the main CTs& VTs.
-CB or primary SWGR information,including current threshold
setting.
POWER SYSTEM DATA-2
-Power system data-2 is a part of the setting groups which can be switched over
during operation.
-Primary operated voltage
-Primary operated current.
-Characteristics data of the protected equipment.

Power system data 1 dialogue box

Power system data 2 dialogue box

 Setting Groups
A SIPROTEC 4 device has four setting groups A through
D.The setting option of each group are same,the can be varied
in each group.The protection & control can be changed as the
network changes.

 Serial interfaces
A SIPROTEC 4 device has four serial interfaces with time.
1.System interface
2.Time control interface
3.PC-interface
4.Service interface
-In DIGSI Interface settings are under serial ports option from
which we can get the window shown below.


Definite time O/C prot.

Inverse time O/C prot.


With this feature it is possibly to dynamically increase the pick
up values of the relay elements when cold load pick up
conditions are anticipated.
It can be enable at address 1701.
There are three timers in this function:
1.CB open time
2.Active time
3.Stop time
It is an additional feature to the 4 setting groups (A to D)
which are configured separately.


This may be used in isolated or the compensated systems
to detect the ground faults.
Sensitive ground fault detection is used to detect high
impedance ground faults.
Sensitive ground fault detection may be used for alarming
and annunciation or may be allowed to initiate tripping.
It is calculated on the basis of the zero sequence current &
zero sequence voltage.
Because of high sensitivity over 1.6 A the sensitive earth
fault detection is not suited.


Negative sequence protection detects the unbalance loads on
the system.
It may also be used to detect the interruptions, faults and
polarity problems with currents transformers.
Small voltage imbalances can lead to large negative sequence
currents.
It has two definite time elements (46-1 & 46-2) and one
inverse time element (46-TOC)


The relay 7SJ62 is designed to prevent over loads from damaging the
protected equipment.
It also features current warning element.
It calculates the operating temperature of the protected equipment's a
percentage of maximum allowable operating temperatures.
It initiates a motor warning temperature level.
Thermal protection of the motors require a further time constant which
can be set so that the thermal ratios can be detected correctly while the
motor is rotating & when it is stopped.The ambient temperature can be
monitored by external temperature monitoring box also called RTD(Resistance temperature Detection)


The Over voltage protection has the task of preventing
insulation failure against the abnormal conditions.
The 59 element is a definite time element in that the time
delay is not a function of voltage magnitude.

The under voltage protection detects and reports an abnormally low voltage
conditions,some of them may be related to system stability problems.
It is generally used for load shedding.
It has two definite time elements designated as 27-1 & 27-2 the pick up &
delay setting of each element are individually adjustable.time delay is not a
function of voltage magnitude.


Frequency protection can be used for Over frequency &
Under frequency protection.
Electrical machines and parts are protected from unwanted
speed deviation.
Unwanted frequency changes can be detected and the load
can be removed at specified frequency setting.
Frequency protection can be used over a wide frequency
range.
Four elements for the over frequency and under frequency
and each can be delayed separately.


This function monitors the reaction of the CB to a trip signal.
If after a time delay the CB is not opened a breaker failure trip
signal issued and adjacent circuit breakers that represent the
sources to the fault can be tripped.
It can be initiated in two ways
1.Internal protective function of 7SJ 62.
2.External trip signals via binary inputs.
For each of the two sources ,a unique pick up message is
generated,a unique tripping signal is generated.
Breaker failure is detected if after a trip command,current is
still flowing in a faulted circuited.


The automatic reclosing function is typically utilized only in
situations where the occurrence of temporary faults is
anticipated.
The maximum re-closings are 9 after this the CB will either be
closed or it will remain open.
The majority of faults occur in transmission feeders.

The Fault locator specifies the distance to a fault location in

Kilometers or miles or the reactance of second fault operation.
The evaluation of measured quantities takes place after the
fault has been isolated and cleared.The resistance and
reactance are calculated from stored measured quantities in
accordance with the line equation average and standard
deviations are calculated.

 Phase rotation
This protection is required when there is a phase reversal for
the equipment.
If phase rotation can change during operation (e.g. the
direction of the motor must be routinely changed),then a
change over signal at input is masked for this purpose is
sufficient to inform the protective relay of the phase rotation
change over.
This swapping of phase directly impacts the calculation of
positive and negative sequence quantities.
This function is vital so that phase detection messages,fault
values,and operating measurements are not falsified.
This function can be set at parameter 0209 PHASE SEQ.


There are two types of characteristics curves in SIPROTEC 4
7SJ62 relay which we can use for different protections.
1. IEC
2. ANSI
An option is there for the user defined characteristics with this
we can set the characteristics for O/C & E/F.
We follow the normal inverse curve IEC. Curve shown in fig.

 IEC NORMAL INVERSE

IEC VERY INVERSE

 IEC EXTREMELY INVERSE

IEC LONG INVERSE