METAL REINFORCEMENT

STEELBARS
Steel is the most widely used reinforcing material for almost all types of
concrete construction .
Excellent partner of concrete in resisting both tension and compression
stresses.
Steel is ten times stronger in resisting compression load and hundred
times stronger in tensile stresses.

Standard weight of plain round steel

bars in kilograms
Diam.

5.O m.

6.0 m.

7.5 m.

9.0 m.

10.5
m.

12.0
m.

13.5
m.

8mm

1.98

2.37

2.96

3.56

4.15

4.74

5.33

10mm

3.08

3.70

4.62

5.54

6.47

7.39

8.32

12mm

4.44

5.33

6.66

7.99

9.32

10.66

8.32

13mm

5.21

6.25

7.83

9.38

10.94

12.50

14.07

16mm

7.90

9.47

11.84

14.21

16.58

18.95

21.32

20mm

12.33

14.80

18.50

22.19

25.69

29.59

33.29

25mm
28mm

19.27
24.17

23.12
29.00

28.90
36.25

34.68
43.50

40.46
50.75

46.24
58.00

52.02
65.25

30mm

27.75

33.29

41.62

49.94

58.26

66.59

74.91

32mm

31.57

37.88

47.35

56.82

66.29

75.76

85.23

36mm

39.96

47.95

59.93

71.92

83.91

95.89

107.88

Deformation requirements
Nominal
diameter

Max
averages
spacing of
lugs

Height
minimum

Tolerance
maximum

Max. value
summation
of lugs gap

7.0

0.3

0.6

5.5

10

7.0

0.4

0.8

7.8

12

8.4

0.5

1.0

9.4

13

9.1

0.6

1.2

10.2

16

11.2

0.7

1.4

12.6

20

14.0

1.0

2.0

15.7

25
28

17.5
19.6

1.2
1.4

2.4
2.8

19.6
22.0

30

21.0

1.5

3.0

13.6

32

22.4

1.6

3.2

25.1

36

24.5

1.8

3.6

27.5

Mechanical properties of steel bars

class

Grad
e

Yield
strength
Mpa
mm

Tensile
strength
Mpa
mm

Specimen
mm

Elongatio
n in
200mm
percent
mm

Bending
Diameter
angle
Of pin
degree
d=nominal
specimen
dia.at

Hot
rolled
Non-weld
able
Steel bar

230

230

390

D<25

18

180

3d

275

275

480

415

620

16
10
8
7

180

415

D<25
D>25
D<25
D>25

4d
5d
5d
6d

Hot
rolled

230

230

390

D<25

20

180

D>25

18

180

3d
4d

weldable
275

480

480

D<25

16

180

4d

415

415

550

D<25
D>25

14
12

180

5d
6d

Deformed
or plain

Number of steel bars (

Bar
Dia.
mm
1

28

57

85

113

141

170

198

226

254

283

50

101

151

201

251

302

352

402

452

503

10

79

157

236

314

393

471

550

628

707

785

12

113

226

339

452

565

679

792

905

1017

1131

16

201

402

603

804

1005

1206

1407

1608

1809

2011

20

314

628

924

1257

1571

1885

2199

2513

24

491

982

1473

1963

2454

2945

3436

3927

4909

4909

32

804

1608

2412

3216

4021

4825

5629

6433

7237

8042

40

1256

2513

3769

5026

6283

7539

8796

1005

1131

1257

2817

10

3142

The various type of metal reinforcement that the estimator should

be familiarized
A. Concrete hollow blocks reinforcement
The simplest type of vertical and horizontal reinforcement placed in
between the layers and the hollow core of the blocks.
This type of reinforcement is install and spliced progressively with the rise
of the concrete blocks
B.Footing reinforcements
1. Footing slab reinforcement for small and medium size footings
2. Dowels, cut bars, anchor, and bend bars
3. Beam and slab for large construction
4. Stirrups

c. Post and column reinforcement

1.Main vertical reinforcement

a.single
b.bundle
2. Lateral ties
a. outer ties
b.inner ties
3. Spiral ties for circular column
4.Dowels for partitions and future attachements

D.Beam and girder reinforcements

1 main reinforcement
a. straight bars
b. bend bars
c. additional cut bars for tension and compression
d. dowel bars for the future attachment
2. Stirrups
a. open stirrups
b. closed stirrups
c. straight stirrups or ties
3cut bars
a. over and across the support
b. between supports
c.dowels and hangers for ceiling and patition

E. floor slab reinforcement

1. Main reinforcement
a. straight main reinforcing bats extending from one beam to
other
b. alternate main reinforcing bars with bend between and over
the beam
support
c. main alternate bars over support
2. Temperature bars tied perpendicular to the main reinforcement
3. Additional alternate cut bars over the support (beam)
4. dowels and hangers for ceiling and other attachement

Reinforcing of concrete hollow blocks

Concrete hollow blocks reinforcement could be determined by:
1. direct counting method
vertical and horizontal reinforcement are counted in the plan, the length is
determined from he elevation, the hook and bend and lapping splices are
imaginably calculated and added to its length.)
2. by the area method
the simplest approach in computing steel bar reinforcement in CHB with
the aid of table 3-5
3.by the unit block method

From figure 3-6 determine the following

a.10x20x40 cm CHB
b.Vertical reinforcement spaced at 80 cm
c.Horizontal reinforcement at every 3 layers

Find the tie wire in kilograms if the reinforcements are spaced at:
1.vertical bars spaced at 80 cm and one horizontal bar at every 3 layers of the
block
2 .vertical bars at 60 cm and one horizontal bar at every after 2 layers of the
block
3.tie wire in kilograms.

 Things to remember in estimating steel bars reinforcement first

find the required length and quantity of a particular reinforcement .next
choose a commercial length of the bars which when cut into the required
sizes will minimize unwanted cuts
for instance ;5pcs@1.20m. Long is needed ,most ideal is 6m.long RSB
Figure 3-8

Post and column reinforcement

Reinforcement of post and column to be considered in this study ;
a. The main or the vertical reinforcement
b. The lateral ties
c. The spiral ties for circular column

The quantity and length of the main

reinforcement is determined by direct counting
method
a. lap joints of ends splices
b. allowance for bending and hook
c. additional length for beam depth and floor
thickness if the height indicated in plan is from
floor to ceiling
d. distance from floor to footing slab
e. provisions for splices of succeeding floors

Lateral ties
Tied column has reinforcement consisting of vertical bars held in a
position by lateral reinforcement called lateral ties.
The ACI code provides that; all non pre- stressed bars for tied column
shall be enclosed by lateral ties of at least no.3 in size for longitudinal
bars no.10 or smaller and at least no.4 in size for no.11 to 18 an
bundled longitudinal bars.
The code provision simply mean that
a. If the main longitudinal reinforcement of a tied column is no. 10 bars
or smaller in size (lower than 30mm),the lateral ties should not be
smaller than no. 3 bar or 10 mm diameter.
b. If the main reinforcement of a tied column is no.11 to no. 18 (35 mm
to 66mm) and bundled bars, the lateral ties should not be less than
no.4 or 12mm diameter.

The code further provides that lateral ties shall not exceed
the following
1. 16 x the longitudinal bar diameter
2. 48 x the lateral tie bar diameter or
3. The least dimension of the column

Solving for the tie wire

1.Find the number of the intersections between the main reinforcement and the
lateral ties
No. of ties :8x26x30 column =6,240 ties
2. Using .40m long tie wire , find the total length of the wire
.40x6,240m. =2,496mtrs.
3.Convert to kilograms.
2,496/53 =47 kilograms

STIRRUPS FOR BEAM AND GIRDER

STIRRUPS
Structural reinforcing member that holds or binds together the main
reinforcement of a beam or girder to a designed position
GIRDER
A beam that carries or support another beam
TWO TYPES OF STIRRUPS
Open stirrups
Closed stirrups