DAM 21102

ENGINEERING MATERIAL
SELECTION
CHAPTER 3 :
MATERIALS ENGINEERING
&
THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

En. Muhammad Hanafi Bin

Asril Rajo Mantari
1

CONTENTS
Introduction
Classification of
engineering
materials
Definitions of materials
behaviours.

Hanafi,JKM,PPD,2015

INTRODUCTION
Good value for money

Hanafi,JKM,PPD,2015

CLASSIFICATION OF
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Metals

Ceramics

Polymers
Composites

Elastomer

Glasses

Hanafi,JKM,PPD,2015

METAL

Relatively high moduli (Youngs modulus,

shear modulus, bulk modulus, Poissons ratio)
Can be strengthen via alloying & treatment
(heat & mechanical) but still ductile enough
to be deformed
Prey to fatigue
Relatively least resistant to corrosion
Iron, Copper, Aluminum, Zinc, Nickel,
Titanium, Silver, Gold, etc. and their alloys
Steel, Brass, Bronze, etc.
Mostly recyclable

Hanafi,JKM,PPD,2015

CERAMICS AND
GLASSES
I. High moduli but brittle
II. Low tolerence for stress concentrations
(eg. holes or cracks) or high contact
stresses (eg. clamping point)
III. Stiff, hard and abrasion-resistant
IV. Retain strength to high temperatures
V. Corrosion resistant.
VI.Porcelain, Glass, Silicon Carbide, Boron
Nitride, Aluminum Oxide, etc.

Hanafi,JKM,PPD,2015

POLYMERS AND
ELASTOMERS
i.

Low moduli (50 times less than metals)

but can be strong as metals
ii. Large elastic deflections
iii. Creep at room temperature
iv. Easy to shape (simple complex shapes)
v. Corrosion resistant
vi. Low coefficients of friction
vii.Polyethylene, PVC, Teflon, Nylon,
Plexiglas, Bakelite, Epoxy, Polyesters,
Melamine, Neoprene, Silicone,
Hanafi,JKM,PPD,2015

i. Combine attractive properties of other

classes of materials while avoiding some
drawbacks

COMPOSITES

ii. Light, stiff, strong and tough

iii. Presently polymer matrix (epoxy or
polyester) with fiber reinforcements (glass,
carbon or Kevlar)
iv. Application temperature limit of 250C due
to softening of the matrix (polymers)
v. Relatively expensive and difficult to form
and join
vi. Use when added performance justifies the
added cost.
vii.MMC, CMC, PMC
Hanafi,JKM,PPD,2015

Class

Property

Symbol

Units

General

Cost
Density

Cm

$/kg
kg/m3

Mechanical

Designlimiting
material
properties Thermal
and
correspon
d SI units

Elastic moduli (Youngs, shear, bulk)

Strength (yield, ultimate, fracture)
Toughness
Fracture toughness
Damping capacity
Fatigue endurance limit

E, G, K
f
Gc
KIc

Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusivity
Specific heat
Melting point
Glass temperature
Thermal expansion coefficient
Thermal shock resistance
Creep resistence

Wear

Archard wear constant

Corrosion/
oxidation

Corrosion rate
Parabolic rate constant

A
Cp
Tm
Tg

T
kA
K
kp

Materials Selection

Hanafi,JKM,PPD,2015

GPa
MPa
kJ/m2
MPa.m
MPa
W/mK
m2/s
J/kg.K
K
K
K-1
K
MPa-1
mm/year
m2/s

......FINISH ......
THank you

Hanafi,JKM,PPD,2015

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