PETROCHEMICAL

INDUSTRY.
GROUP C.

Names and Matriculation number

ANYACHEBELU OBICHIGEME E.

ENG

1002106
OJEKOMHAN OMODION F.
ENG 1002160
NGBODI ANTHONIA OZIOMA ENG 1002146
EKHUOBA .O. JOHN
ENG 1002122
OMOBOLAJI ADEWOLO
ENG 1002095
ERESE NOSAKHARE MIGHTY ENG 1106004
ASEKOMHE I. CORNELIUS
ENG 1002108
IMAFIDON MICHAEL BRIGHT ENG 1002139
EYOAWAN IME UTUK
ENG 0902153

OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
CASE STUDY:
1. Warri refining and Petrochemical Industry

(WRPC)
2. Eleme Petrochemical Company Limited
(EPCL)
3. Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Industry
(KRPC)
. ADVANTAGES OF EACH PRODUCT OF

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THESE INDUSTRIES TO

THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

CHALLENGES THESE INDUSTRIES FACES
SOLUTION TO CHALLENGES
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

Petrochemicals are chemical compounds

made from petroleum and are also obtained

from other fossil fuels, such as coal or
natural gas, or renewable sources such as
corn or sugar cane. Currently, over 80% of
all organic chemicals are petrochemicals.
There are two most common classes of
petrochemicals;
I. olefins (including ethylene and propylene)
and
II. aromatics (including benzene, toluene and

Oil refineries produce olefins and

aromatics by fluid catalytic cracking of
petroleum fractions.
Chemical plants produce olefins by
steam cracking of natural gas liquids like
ethane and propane. While Aromatics are
produced by catalytic reforming of
naphtha.

Primary petrochemicals are divided into three

groups depending on their chemical structure:
Olefins: includes ethylene, propylene, and

butadiene.
Aromatics includes benzene, toluene, and

xylenes.
Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon

monoxide and hydrogen used to make

ammonia and methanol.

Differences between a petrochemical

and chemical industry
Petrochemical products :They are

intermediates between the chemical

process industries and the petroleum
industries, examples are polypropylene,
carbon black, polyisoprene, etc. while,
Chemical products are finished or end

products of a chemical process industry,

they are the final consumable and
marketable products for the public.
Examples are polish, plastics, paints,

SOURCES OF PETROCHEMICALS

The major hydrocarbon sources used in

producing petrochemicals.
Methane, ethane, propane and butanes:
obtained primarily from natural gas
processing plants.
Naphtha: obtained from petroleum refineries.
Benzene, toluene, and xylene: usually
referred to as BTX and primarily obtained
from petroleum refineries by extraction from
reformate produced in catalytic reformers.
Gas oil obtained from petroleum refineries.

Methane and BTX are used directly as

feedstock for producing petrochemicals.

However, ethane, propane, butanes,
naphtha and gas oil serve as optimal
feedstock for steam assisted thermal
cracking plants referred to as steam
crackers that produce these intermediate
petrochemical feedstock:
Ethylene
Propylene
Butanes and butadiene
Benzenes.

The major processes in the petrochemical

production processes are:
Alkylation, de-alkylation, and hydro dealkylation: Used in the producing benzene
derivatives.
Cracking or pyrolysis: Used in producing
carbon blacks, olefins and di-olefins.
Dehydration: Used in the production of ether.
Esterification: Used in the production of
solvents, monomers, medicines, perfumes and
explosives.
Halogenations and hydro halogenations.

Hydration and hydrolysis : Used in the

production of synthetic ethyl alcohol

Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation.
Nitration: Used in making unreactive
paraffin into reactive substances without
cracking.
Amination or reaction with ammonia: Used
in the production of aliphatic and aromatic
amines.
Hydroformylation: Used in converting
alpha olefins to aldehydes and or alcohols
containing an additional number of carbon
atoms.

PRODUCTS OF PETROCHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES
The following is a partial list of the major
commercial petrochemicals and their
derivatives:
(a)ETHYLENE-: the simplest olefin; used as a

chemical feedstock and ripening stimulant.

Its derivatives include Polyethylene, ethanol,
ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, engine
coolant, polyesters and glycol ethers.
(b)PROPYLENES -Used as a monomer and a

chemical feedstock .Its derivatives includes

Isopropyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, propylene

(c)C4 HYDROCARBONS - A mixture

consisting of butanes, butylene and

butadiene. Isobutylene, a feed for
copolymerisation of1, 3-butadiene, which is
often used as a monomer for elastomers.
(d)MIXED XYLENES- Any three dimethyl

benzene isomers. Its derivatives are

Phthalic anhydride, dimethyl terephthalate,
polyesters, alkyd resins and polyamide
resins.

(e)TOLUENE- This is also known as

methylbenzene. It can be used as a solvent

or precursor for other chemicals. Its
derivatives includes Benzene, toluene
diisocyanate, benzoic acid and nylon
(f)BENZENE-: The simplest aromatic

hydrocarbon. Its derivatives includes Ethyl

benzene, styrene, cumene, acetone, epoxy
resins and polycarbonates

In summary, some of the products from the

petroleum plants in Nigeria includes:
Carbon black
Polypropylene
Linear alkyl benzene
Benzene, ethylene, and other olefins
Phenol
Heavy alkylates
Deparaffinated kerosene, kero-solvent (is a
by-product)

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN
NIGERIA
Port-Harcourt Refinery I 60,000 bpd
Port-Harcourt Refinery II: 150,000 bpd
Kaduna refining and Petrochemical Co: 100,000 bpd
Warri Refining and Petrochemical Co: 110,000

bpd

2. ELEME PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY LTD

Location
EPCL is located in port Harcourt, rivers state, Nigeria.
Introduction to EPCL
EPCL is a producer of poly-olefin (polyethylene and poly
propylene), it was commissioned in 1988. The total
production is over 550KTA of world class poly-olefin
Mission and vision statement
Mission statement: These twelve values catapult the
company to usher Personal Effectiveness, Performance
Effectiveness and Organizational Effectiveness.

petrochemical industry(CASE
STUDY 1)

Location
Ekpan warri
Introduction to warri petrochemical
The production process of Warri refining and petrochemical
company are classified into primary and secondary
processes.

Mission and vision statement

Mission statement: To efficiently and profitably process
crude oil into Petroleum products, Manufacture and Market
Petrochemical Products through effective resource utilization,
while exploiting new business opportunities.
Vision statement: To be a leader in the Petroleum processing
business in Africa.

OVERVIEW OF THE CARBON BLACK PLANT

Carbon black is an industrial equivalent of
soot/charcoal. It is gotten by thermal
decomposition/incomplete combustion of
hydrocarbons
The importance of carbon black may be indicated
briefly by stating that 30-90KG of the rubber in a
tyre consists of carbon black per 100kg. Other
uses of carbon black are in printing inks, paints,
pigments, plastics, etc.

FEEDSTOCK
Decant oil
PROCESSES

Oil heaters

Air heaters

Storage tank

Reaction

Quenching

Bag filtration

Pulverizer

Cylone and surge vessel

Mixing/pelleting

Drying

Magnetic drum

Bagging/storage

Products
Carbon black pellet

ELEME PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY LTD( CASE

STUDY 2)
Location
EPCL is located in port Harcourt, rivers state,
Nigeria.
Introduction to EPCL
EPCL is a producer of poly-olefin (polyethylene and
poly propylene), it was commissioned in 1988. The
total production is over 550KTA of world class polyolefin
Mission and vision statement
Mission statement: These twelve values catapult
the company to usher Personal Effectiveness,
Performance Effectiveness and Organizational

Vision statement: Our Corporate vision is to

attain Business Leadership. In line with the
Groups vision, the IEPL has set its vision as to
build the largest Petrochemicals hub in Africa!
And help to build an economy that would
provide better life for Nigerians today and
future generations
FEEDSTOCK
The feedstock for poly-olefin unit is gotten from
FCC unit, examples includes;
I. Ethylene: feedstock for polyethylene plant
II. propylene: feedstock for polypropylene

POLYPROPYLENE PLANT
PPP in EPCL is being designed to produce
95000 metric tons per year. The plant can
produce homo-polymer and random-polymer as
well as co-polymer.
Processes of pp plant
PURIFICATI
ON

PRODUCT
Polypropylene pellet

REACTION

BAGGING

EXTRUTION

KADUNA REFINARY AND PETROCHEMICAL

INDUSTRY( CASE STUDY 3)
INTRODUCTION
KRPC LIMITED is in the business of refining
crude oil into high quality petroleum products
and the manufacturing of petrochemical and
packaging products to the satisfaction of her
customers. occupies an area of 2.89 Square
KM.
The refinery was designed to process both
imported paraffinic and Nigerian crude oils into
fuels and lubes products and was constructed
by Chiyoda Chemical Engineering and
Construction Company (now Chiyoda
Corporation) of Japan. , the design capacity of
the fuels plants of the Refinery was

In March 1988, the 30,000 MT/Yr. Linear

Alkyl Benzene Plant under the then

PETROCHEMICAL Sector of NNPC was
commissioned. The Plant is designed to
derive its entire raw materials including
utility supplies from the Refinery.

MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT

MISSION: To Refine Crude Oil into high Value
Petroleum and Petrochemical Products and also
Manufacturing Packaging Products efficiently.
VISION:To be the pride of the Nation
FEEDSTOCK
Kerosene
PROCESSES
Kerosene prefractionation
Distillate unionfining
Molex process
Pacol process
PEP process
Detergent alkylation

CONCLUSION
The relevance of the petrochemical

industry in Nigeria cannot be

overemphasized. Since the advent of the
industry in Nigeria, we have had a
significant amount of growth and
development in across several sectors. At
the same time, it has had a great positive
impact on the lives of Nigerians who have
become workers in this great industry.