ASSALAM-O-ALAIKUM

TOPIC
Congress Ministries

BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Simon Commission, the Nehru report, the Fourteen Points,
Round Table Conferences and the Communal Award were all
part of the preparations of the reformed Constitutions, which
was set out in the Act of 1935.
For the discussion of the constitutional problem, the British
government convened the three Round Table Conferences
at London from 1930 to 1932.
The deliberations of the Round Table Conferences resulted in
the Government of India Act, 1935.
Both the Congress and the Muslim League were critical of the
Government of India Act, 1935, but decided to participate
in the elections, which were held under it during the first
weeks of 1937.

 After the elections, Congress was able to form ministries

in eight out of eleven provinces.

ELECTION OF 1937

ELECTION OF 1937
The elections of 1937 were held with the restricted franchise
and separate electorate.

There were two major political parties in the Subcontinent at

that time, the Congress and the Muslim League.

Both parties did their best to persuade the masses before

these elections and put before them their manifesto.

The political manifestos of both parties were almost identical,

although there were two major differences.

THE POLITICAL MANIFESTO OF

MUSLIM LEAGUE:
Muslim League stood for separate electorate
Muslim League wanted Urdu with Persian script.

THE POLITICAL MANIFESTO OF

CONGRESS.

Congress stood for joint electorate.

Congress wanted Hindi as official language with Deva Nagri script of

writing

PROJECTION OF CONGRESS
The Congress projected itself as an all-India force
representing all religions and factions of the society.

CONTEST OF MUSLIM LEAGUE

The Muslim League contested for the Muslim seats. There
was a tough competition from the other Muslim organizations.
The elections were completed in February 1937.

RESULT OF ELECTIONS

RESULT OF ELECTIONS
The Congress got majorities in five provinces, Madras,
U.P., C.P., Bihar, and Orissa.
It emerged as the largest party in Bombay and won 704
out of 1585 general seats.

The Muslim League performed poorly in the elections and

got only about 21 percent of Muslim seats without winning
majority anywhere, Bengal, Punjab, NWFP, and Sind.

It was mostly due to the organizational problems and

opposition by local Muslim groups.

THE FAILURE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE (CAUSE)

When Jinnah toured India in 1936, he found that local
Muslim leaders who had entrenched themselves in the
provinces were extremely reluctant to follow on All
India Muslim League policy.
In the words of R. Symonds, In 1937 it was still a
middleclass organization which had made little effort to
obtain mas following.

CONGRESS MINISTRIES

CONGRESS MINISTRIES

The final results of the elections were known in February 1937.

Since the governors were unable to give the required undertaking

as demanded by Congress, the Congress refused to accept office.

The non-Congress majority provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Bengal and

Assam) started functioning as autonomous provinces and
ministries went into office on April 1.

With the deadlock ended, Congress entered its official career in

July 1937.

Congress had clear majorities in five provinces, namely, Madras,

the United Provinces, Bihar, the Central provinces and Orissa.

In other two provinces Bombay and NWFP it was also able to

form Ministries with the help of small minority groups.

CONGRESS BEHAVIOR TOWARD

MUSLIM LEAGUE

The Congress showed little or no

disposition to cooperate with the
League or to work for the removal of
the differences which divided the two
organizations.

CONGRESS POLICIES

CONGRESS POLICIES
First all Congress governments in the provinces launched
anti-Muslim drive basically to exclude the Muslim League
and other Muslim organizations from the government
making process.

The Congress leaders had come to know that the Muslim

League had got roots in the masses. They started Muslim
Mass Contact movement to defame the Muslim League in
their favor.
They were making cultural and educational policies that
promoted the Hindu culture and symbols in the name of
Indian culture.
They
introduced
Banda-Mataram
anthem
from
Annandmath(Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay) in the institutions and
offices etc.
The Hindi language was given top most importance in their
policies.

CONGRESS POLICIES
Wardha Educational Scheme was to convert Muslims into
Hindus through primary educational literature.
Projection of Hindu heroes like Gandhi and distortion of
Muslim history became their moral creed.
They followed the policy of discrimination in services or new
recruitment for jobs.
The Congress ministries adopted overall negative and cruel
attitude, especially towards the Muslim activists. This unjust
treatment compelled the Muslims to be disciplined in every
sphere of life.

MUSLIM RESPONSE:

MUSLIM RESPONSE

The Muslims were well aware of the theocratic

inclination of the Hindu people.
They arranged a close monitoring of the government.
They publicized their policies and raised the issues.
The mobilization of Muslims on these matters
required keen probe to collect the original facts of the
Hindu atrocities.

REPORTS

REPORTS
THE PIRPUR REPORT
On March 28, 1938, the Council of Muslim League appointed an
eight-member committee under the presidentship of Raja Syed
Muhammad Mehdi of Pirpur that presented its report on, November
15, 1938.
It tried to dig out the cruelties of the Congress ministries in seven
provinces.
The report took up the Congress support to the rival Muslim
organizations, intimidation and threats to the pro-Muslim League
people.

THE SHARIF REPORT, MARCH 1939

The Muslim League deputed Mr. Shareef with
members to investigate the injustices under the
dictatorial rule of the Hindus.
This report mainly collected the facts,
concentrating on ill treatment of the
government with the Muslims in Bihar.

THE FAZL-UL- HAQ REPORT (DECEMBER

1939)
A. K. Fazl-ul-Haq published a pamphlet entitled Muslim Sufferings Under
the Rule of Congress and made many alarming revelations e.g. forbidding
of Azan, attacks in mosques, noisy processions of the Hindu scoundrels,
forbidding of the cow-slaughter etc.

This pamphlet responded the indictments by the Congress on the

Muslims.

All the reports described the Congress government as an attempt to

create Hindu Raj that wanted to overwhelm the Muslim culture and their
identity.

It was a rigorous threat to the Muslims interests.

MUSLIM LEAGUE ACTIVISM

MUSLIM LEAGUE ACTIVISM

The Muslim League highlighted the issues and mobilized the
Muslims to counter them adequately.
It reorganized the Muslim community to cope with the situation.
The Muslim League arranged its session at Lucknow in October
1937.
Many prominent leaders like Fazlul Haq participated in the
session while Sikander Hayat and Saadullah announced their
support to the Muslim League.
The Muslim leaders shed a sharp criticism on the Congress
policies.
They protested against the reduction of status of Urdu and other
Muslim related issues.

MUSLIM LEAGUE ACTIVISM

They created realization, amongst the Muslims, of what can
happen under the Congress rule and urged for serious
thinking about the future political and constitutional
arrangements.
They unearthed the real objectives of the Congress and urged
the need of unity among the Muslims under the banner of
Muslim League.
The Muslim League arranged its session at Lucknow in
October 1937.
Many prominent leaders like Fazlul Haq participated in the
session while Sikander Hayat and Saadullah announced their
support to the Muslim League.

MUSLIM LEAGUE ACTIVISM

The Muslim leaders shed a sharp criticism on the Congress
policies.
They protested against the reduction of status of Urdu and other
Muslim related issues.
They created realization, amongst the Muslims, of what can
happen under the Congress rule and urged for serious thinking
about the future political and constitutional arrangements.
They unearthed the real objectives of the Congress and urged the
need of unity among the Muslims under the banner of Muslim
League.

END OF CONGRESS RULE

END OF CONGRESS RULE

September 1939 British declared war against Germany..
British demanded.
1.
Complete peace and order in British colonies
2.
Full Support from people of these territories
3.
Wanted to satisfy both Hindu and Muslim.
4.
Needed large scale army recruitments.

The viceroy announced that views of every political party

would be considered in drafting of any future constitution.

Muslim leagues demand has was somewhat the same . It was

indicate acceptance of Muslim league by British.
Congress propagate that British government is delaying the
independence by creating Hindu-Muslim problems.
Congress expressed its utter disappointment and decide to
resign from ministries , as a protest on October 22, 1939.

DAY OF DELIVERANCE:

DAY OF DELIVERANCE:

The Muslims observed Day of Deliverance on December

22, 1939.

The Muslim League also redefined its position during the World
War II.

They eradicated their organizational weaknesses and refined their

objectives keeping the experiences of the Congress ministries.

THANK YOU