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WELCOME
1

GIS BASED WATERSHED


DELINEATION AND DERIVATION
OF UNIT HYDROGRAPH FROM
GIUH ANALYSIS
FINAL REVIEW
PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR :
Ms ANJU RAJAN

PROJECT GUIDE :
Ms. ANJU RAJAN

GROUP MEMBERS
o ANJALY T M
o ASWATHY K L
o SREEYA MENON
o SUKANYA VASU

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION
RELEVANCE
OBJECTIVES
METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEW
SOFTWARE STUDY
WATERSHED DELINEATION
ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS
COMPUTATION OF UH
CONCLUSION
WORK SCHEDULE
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INTRODUCTION
Unit Hydrograph (UH) is the most popular and widely used method for
predicting flood hydrograph resulting from a known storm in a basin area
A UH is a hydrograph representing 1cm of runoff from rainfall of some unit duration and
specific areal distribution.
GIUH is a effective method for the derivation of UH.
Watershed parameters are basic unit which are essential for the calculation of GIUH method.
Watersheds are natural hydrological units that cover a specific aerial expanse of land surface
from which the runoff flows to a defined drain at any particular point.

ArcGIS software is an effective tool that can be used for watershed delineation
estimation of parameters

and
5

LITERATURE REVIEWS

JOURNAL

AUTHOR

AIM

3.Estimation
of
Geomorphol
ogy
Parameters
for Small
Catchment
using GIS

Shagufta
akbari,
Karthik,
Venkatesh,
Ratu and
Sonam
Tobgay
and Kinley
Penjor

To
DEM
delineate the
Toposheet
study area
and generate
stream
network
To
compare
temporal
variation
geomorpholo
gical
parameters

DATA

RESULT

Geomorph
ological
parameters
where
estimated
Used to
stimulate
hydrological
response of
the
catchment

JOURNAL

AUTHOR

AIM

DATA

5.Determinat
ion of
watersheds
hydrological
parameters
using remote
sensing and
geographical
information
system (GIS)
techniques:
Case study
of Wadi Alkangar,
Sudan
M.

M. Y.
Mohamed,
H. S. M.
Hilmi and
E. S.
Ganawa

To
implement
new sound
technologies
such as
remote
sensing, GIS
and global
positioning
system (GPS)

DEM

To
determine the
hydrological
parameters.

RESULT

The
information
GPS
obtained would
be useful in site
Remote selection and
sensing
designing of
water harvesting
project with
minimum cost,
efforts and time
compared to the
traditional
methods in
addition to
giving an
accurate
results
9

JOURNAL

AUTHOR

AIM

DATA

RESULTS

Compariso
n between
characteris
tics of
geomorpho
climatic
IUH
produced
using
gciuh
Based
clark
model and
clark iuh
model

To
HEC Geomorphocli
Arash
adib,
estimate
HMS
matic
meysam
runoff
software
parameters was
salarijazi , To find DSRO
studied and
ali
instantan
hydrogra
compared.
mohamaad
eous unit
ph
akhondali
hydrogra Rainfall
ph
and
To
runoff
predict
records
storm
surface
runoff

JOURNAL

AUTHOR

AIM

DATA

RESULTS

A spatially
varied unit
hydrograph
model

M. Hubail
ajward,
muzik

To
Soil
Analysed
present a
conservati
the
spatial
on service
presence
unit
(CSC)
of
hydrograp
runoff CN
velocity
h
method
field
To find
Sduring
the basic
hydrograp
storm
importanc
h runoff
event
Spatial
e of time
distributio
unit
n of
hydrograp
rainfall on
h
runoff
efficiently
impliment
ed by GIS
10

JOURNAL

AUTHOR

Derivation of VIKRANT JAIN


Unit
and R. SINHA
Hydrograph
from GIUH
Analysis for a
Himalayan
River

AIM

DATA

RESULTS

To compute
the
Hortons
ratios

ArcGIS

The hortons
ratios are
calculated
using arc
GIS

to generate
the
Geomorpholo
gical
Instantaneou
s
Unit
Hydrograph
(GIUH) for
ungauged
rivers.
To create
GIUH model
for the 5th
order
stream.

Survey of I
topographi
c sheets of
GIUH
developed by
RodriguezIturbe and
Valdes

The UH was
derived

11

RELEVENCE
To study watershed behavior
Used for hydrological analysis such as runoff
calculation and flood estimation
For proposing hydrological structures

14
13

OBJECTIVES
To delineate a watershed using ArcGIS
To estimate watershed parameters
To compute unit hydrograph for the basin using
GIUH method

15
14

METHODOLOGY
Familiarization of ArcGIS 10
Delineation of watershed
Estimation of parameters
Derivation of unit hydrograph

14

ArcGIS 10
A system for capturing , storing , checking
integrating , manipulating, analyzing and displaying
data which are spatially referenced to the earth.
GIS provide a digital representation of the watershed
characterization used in hydrologic modeling.
GIS is the linking of spatial data with geographic
information about a particular feature on a map.
ArcGIS Desktop consists of several integrated
23
applications, including ArcMap , ArcCatalog , ArcToolbox, and ArcGlobe.
15

SPATIAL AND ATTRIBUTE DATA


Spatial data (where)
specifies location
stored in a shape file, geodatabase or similar geographic
file
Attribute data (what, how much, when)
specifies characteristics at that location, natural or humancreated
stored in a data base table

16

WATERSHED DELINEATION

16

19

fig 1 :Watershed delineation

18

DEM data
A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital model or 3D representation of
a terrain's surface commonly for a planet (including Earth), moon, or
asteroid created from terrain elevation data

Georeferencing
Georeferencing is the process of assigning a raster image that can
represent a map or satellite image coordinates and spatial location.
Transform the map image to real-world coordinates
19

TOOLS USED FOR DELINEATION


Filling- conditioning of the raster DEM or filling of
sinks in a raster to remove small imperfections.
Flow direction- a process to create a raster flow
direction from each cell to its steepest downslope
neighbor.
Flow accumulation- a process to create a raster of
accumulated flow to each cell
25

20

Watershed Pour Points: In Arc Catalog we will create a


new empty shape file to store the new pour point.
watershed: In this final step, we select the flow direction
grid as the input flow direction raster, and the raster
version of the pour point as the input pour point data.
Finally, we select an output raster pathname. The new
watershed raster will be added to the map.

21

22

.
WATERSHED PARAMETERS
STREAM ORDER
Stream order is a measure of relative size of the stream
BIFURCATION RATIO
RB= Ni / Ni+1

Where Ni and Ni+1 are the number of streams in order i


and i+1. Let represent the highest stream order in the
watershed, i = 1, 2, ,
LENGTH RATIO
RL= Li+1 /Li

Where Li is average length of channels of


order i
23

ELONGATION RATIO
=2/()0.5
Where, Lb is the length of the basin, A is area of the basin in sq.
km.
AREA RATIO
RA = Ai+1 /Ai
Ai is the mean area of the contributing watershed to streams of
order i
FORM FACTOR
Form factor = A/L2
Where A is the area of watershed L is the axial length of
watershed
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COMPACTNESS COEFFICIENT
Compactness coefficient = P/(2*(3.14*A)0.5)
Where P is the watershed perimeter
A is the area of the watershed
DRY DENISITY

The ratio of the total length of all the streams with in a


watershed to the watershed area.
Dd =LU/A

19
25

Hill slope velocities/stream flow velocities


=Vo/LO
Lo=1/2D

Lo average flow length


D Drainage density
The value of travel time parameter which varies
from stream to stream is given by
=Vs/Li

Vs is the stream velocity


Li is the mean length of stream of order i
26

Initial State Probabilities

The initial state probability accounts for a rain drop falling on any
hill slope areas, neglecting rainfalls on the channel network, in
catchment of a given order.

27

Transitional State Probabilities


.
The transition probability accounts
for the changing state of a drop
from lower order stream to the higher order stream.

28

PATH PROBABILITIES
Path probability is defined as the probability of a drop which
will travel all possible paths si to the outlet.
The total number of possible paths

N=2 1
P(si) = i.Pij.Pjk.Pk

29

Hence the IUH ordinates can be


determined by the equation,

IUH= fSi*Pi
30

STUDY AREA

31

DATA REQUIRED
SOI TOPOSHEET
DEM (30M RESOLUTION)
WATER ATLAS

21
32

DELINEATION OF
KRUMALI WATERSHED

33

Catalog

spatial analytic tool s

hydrology

fill

28
1

34

Catalog
direction

spatial analytic tools

hydrology

flow

29

35

Catalog
spatial analytic tools
accumulation

hydrology

flow

30

36

Catalog
spatial analytic tool
stream network

hydrology

37

Catalog
Watershed

Spatial analytic tools

Hydrology

38

KURUMALI WATERSHED
Delineated using Arc map

Obtained from water atlas

39

Outlet is located at 76o1640.79E 10o2310.4N near kurumali temple.


The major areas covered the watershed are kodakara , chalakkudi ,
irinjalakkuda ,ollukkara.kurumali,nandikkara,mala
40

ESTIMATION OF WATERSHED
PARAMETERS

Order of the stream


Number of the streams in each order
Bifurcation ratio
Length of stream
Length ratio
Area of the basin
Perimeter of the basin
Elongation ratio
Form factor
Compactness coefficient
Circularity ratio
41

42

Attribute table of stream order feature class

43

Number of streams in each order


No of streams of order 1

137

No of streams of order 2

34

No of streams of order 3

No of streams of order 4

No of streams of order 5

1
44

BIFURCATION RATIO

ORDER

BIFURCATION
RATIO (Rb)

4.029

4.250

4.000

2.000

MEAN

3.5698

45

LENGTH RATIO
ORDER
NO OF
OF
STREAM
STREAM

TOTAL
LENGTH

MEAN
LENGTH

LENGTH
RATIO

137

171.7586216

1.253712566

1.801

34

76.75028234

2.257361245

1.839

33.21286675

4.151608344

3.316

27.53469741

13.76734871

1.477

20.339957132

20.339957132

MEAN
LENGTH
RATIO

2.108

46

AREA OF THE BASIN


PERIMETER OF THE BASIN

422.443
121.189

ELONGATION RATIO

0.722

FORM FACTOR

0.409

COMPACTNESS
COEFFICIENT

1.663

CIRCULARITY RATIO

0.401

47

AREA RATIO
A1

4.3795

A2

4.3804

A3

4.3799

A4

4.3799

Average

4.3799
48

INITIAL PROBABILITY

0.372

0.184

0.187

0.180

0.076
49

TRANSITION PARAMETERS
P12

0.81

P13

0.113

P14

0.061

P15

0.044

P23

0.789

P24

0.122

P25

0.088

P34

0.816

P35

0.814

P45

50

PROBABILITY OF EACH PATH


Path Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Path description
a1r1r2r3r4 r5outlet
a1r1r2r3 r5outlet
a1r1r2r4 r5outlet
a1r1r3r4 r5outlet
a1r1r4 r5outlet
a1r1r2 r5outlet
a1r1r3 r5outlet
a1r1 r5outlet
a2r2r3r4 r5outlet
a2r2r4 r5outlet
a2r2r3 r5outlet
a2r2 r5outlet
a3r3r4 r5outlet
a3r3 r5outlet
a4r4 r5outlet
a5 r5outlet

Probability
0.194
0.044
0.037
0.034
0.023
0.027
0.008
0.016
0.118
0.022
0.027
0.016
0.153
0.034
0.181
0.076

51

TRAVEL TIME PARAMETERS


Stream velocity Vs

0.52

Overland flow velocity V

0.2

0.312

0.415

0.23

0.125

0.038

0.026
52

COMPUTATION OF UH AND S HYDROGRAPH


t
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

IUH
3.48284E-05
0.000626448
0.001195158
0.001746251
0.002282708
0.002806008
0.003316664
0.003814581
0.004299292
0.004770129
0.005226327
0.005667102
0.006091705
0.006499454
0.006889756
0.007262118
0.007616155
0.007951592
0.008268256
0.008566078
0.008845081

1 hr UH
0.040869477
0.735106839
1.402461119
2.049143283
2.678650438
3.292718226
3.89194894
4.476230131
5.045016498
5.597521363
6.132847451
6.650076151
7.148327919
7.626802216
8.084802766
8.521752164
8.937198715
9.330817632
9.702408177
10.05188795
10.37928524

S HYDROGRAPH
0.040869
0.816845316
2.995282751
7.222863468
14.08822515
23.51119821
35.4236591
49.76320684
66.46912063
85.47983756
106.731453
130.1569145
155.6856874
183.2437411
212.7537501
244.1354352
277.3059911
312.1805623
348.672739
386.6950515
426.1594505

'

53

1 hr UH
14
12
10
8
DISCHARGE in m3/s

1 hr UH

6
4
2
0
0

100

200

300

TIME in seconds

54

S HYDROGRAPH
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
DISCHAGE in m3/s 2500
2000

S HYDROGRAPH

1500
1000
500
0
0

100 200 300 400

TIME in seconds
55

CONCLUSION
Watershed is delineated using ArcGIS
kurumali subwatershed is obtained as 5th order
Area of basin is obtained as 422.443 m2
Geomorphological parameters such as bifurcation ratio, area ratio ,
length ratio etc are obtained
ArcGIS is one of the most easiest and effective software for
delineation and parameter estimation
UH was derived using GIUH method
GIUH was found to be the most effective method for derivation of
UH especially for unguaged river
Using rainfall data and UH runoff can be estimated

56

WORK SCHEDULE
WORK

MONTH

STUDY AREA SELECTED

AUGUST

LITERATURE REVEIW

SEPTEMBER

SOFTWARE STUDY

OCTOBER - DECEMBER

WATERSHED DELINEATED AND


PARAMETERS ARE ESTIMATED

JANUARY FEBRUARY

UH AND S HYDROGRAPH
COMPUTED

MARCH
57

WORKS TO BE DONE
Report preparation

58

THANK YOU

60

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