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Stresses
(A). Column :Axial load : When load is acting along the longitudinal
axis of column. It produces compressive stress in column.
Eccentric load : A load whose line of action does not
coincide with the axis of a column. It produces direct
and bending stress in column.
Eccentricity (e) : The horizontal distance between the
longitudinal axis of column and line of action of load.
In axially loaded column e = 0
= .y
Z=
bending
Maximum and Minimum Stresses :When a column is subjected to eccentric load, the edge of
column towards the eccentricity will be subjected to maximum
stress (max) and the opposite edge will be subjected to
maximum stress.
Maximum Stress (max)
max = direct stress + bending stress min = direct stress - bending stress
= o + b
= o - b
=
(1+
=
)
(1-
Stress distribution in Column :Stress distribution in column as the load (P) moves from
centre of column to the edge of column as shown in fig.
Limit
of eccentricity (e limit):
Data Given,
P = 100 kN
e = 40 mm
Part-1
a1 = 200 x 20 = 4000
y1 = 180 + 10 = 190mm
Part-2
a2 = 180 x 15 = 2700
y2 = 90 = mm
y=
= 149.70 mm
Ixx1 = Ig + ah2
+ 4000 x (190 149.70)2
=
= 6.629 x 106 mm4
Ixx2 = Ig + ah2
=
= + = +
= 14.92 + 25.43
= 40.35 N/ ( compressive)
=
= 14.92 25.43
= 10.51 N/(Tensile)
(B). Dams and Retaining Wall :Maximum and Minimum pressure at the base of Dam :
Retaining Wall :
A retaining wall is a structure used to retain soil(earth). The
basic difference between dam and retaining wall is that, a dam
retain water and subjected to water pressure while, a retaining
wall retain earth and subjected to earth pressure.
Total
earth pressure :
P= x
P = x ()
Where,
= active earth pressure coefficient
=
= Angle of repose of soil
Total earth pressure (P) acts at height from the bases of
retaining wall.
(C). Chimney
Chimney And Wall Subjected to Wind Pressure:
Consider
height h.
Let, weight of chimney or wall
Where,
A = base area
=
w = xV
w = xAx h
direct stress = o
=
o = x h .(i)
If there is a uniform horizontal wind pressure (p) acting on
a side of width b,
wind force = P = p x b x h
This force will induce a bending moment on the base.
This
M=Px
P = total wind force
=pxbxh
= 1.2 x 3 x 5
= 18 kN
M=Px
= 18 x = 45 kN.m
Z = = = 0.5
= = = 90 kN/
=
=
=
=
=
=
112 + 90
202 kN/ (compressive)
112 90
22 kN/ (compressive)
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