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SYNTHETIC FIBERS
Introduction
Synthetic fibers are the indirect consequence of
India.
The installed capacity production of the nylon is
36000 & 76000 tones and 43000 & 86000
tones in 2010- 2011 respectively in India.
Classification of Fibre
Synthetic Fibres
Cyclohexane
Caprolactum
Adipic acid
Adiponitrile
Hexamethylene Diamine
Terephthalic acid & Dimethyl terephthalate
Acrylonitrile
Polyethylene terephthalate
Nylon 66
Nylon 6
CYCLOHEXANE C6H12
Cyclohexane is an important chemical
Caprolactam
Caprolactam is the principle raw material for nylon 6,.
It is a versatile material used as fibers, industrial yarns, and
1. Manufacture of cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexane is first prepared from benzene by
hydrogenation in a tubular reactor containing Ni
catalyst at 120-1800C & 10 atm.
Here benzene should be sulphur free to avoid
poisoning of the catalyst. For this purpose
desulphurization process is used.
Next, Cyclohexane is oxidized in a multi
compartment reactor at a temperature of 158-1600C
& 10 atm where the liquid flows in series from one
chamber to another using cobalt salt as catalyst.
The product stream is treated with NaOH to
neutralize acids, saopnify esters and to decompose
peroxides.
Sodium salts which are immiscible with the main
product stream are separated in a gravity settler.
3. Manufacture of Caprolactum:
The first step in the manufacture of caprolactum
Adipic acid
It is the basic raw material for the manufacture of Nylon
66.
Nylon 66 is manufactured by the condensation
polymerization of adipic acid and Hexamethylene diamine.
due to its superior high temperature strength.
Overall global demand for adipic acid grew by 3.6% during
2000-10.
Nylon 66 is the major consumer of adipic acid.
It is mainly used in the manufacture of polyurethane,
plasticizers, unsaturated resins etc.,
Process technology:
Cyclohexane is oxidized by air to form
cyclohexanol &cyclohexanone in presence of
cobalt naphthenate catalyst at temperature of
145-1500C.
The cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone mixture
is oxidized to adipic acid in presence of nitric
acid using ammonium metavanadate and
copper scrap at 60-800C.
The adipic acid formed is crystallized,
centrifuged and finally dried with hot air.
Hexamethylene Diamine
Hexamethylene diamine is another intermediate for
ADIPONITRILE (NC-(CH2)4-CN)
It is used for manufacture of Hexamethylene Diamine.