FGMO

&
RGMO

TEAM-C&I

Fundamentals
It is desired that the operating frequency
is maintained in Grid at 50Hz.
From Grid point of view
If frequency is less than 50 Hz

Load

Generation < Connected

If frequency is greater than 50 Hz

Generation > Connected Load

Various Frequency Influence Modes

We can have three different mode of
Frequency Influence
Primary Frequency Influence
Free Governing Mode of operation
(FGMO)
Restricted Governing Mode of
operation (RGMO)

Primary Frequency Influence

To maintain Grid frequency at 50 Hz, all Generating
stations should have primary frequency influence
On and do correction as below: If frequency is less than 50 Hz

then all generating units should pickup load

automatically as per the droop set for that
machine.
If frequency is greater than 50 Hz

then all generating units should drop load

automatically as per the droop set for that
machine.

Free Governing Mode of Operation (FGMO)

FGMO - BACKGROUND

Unique frequency band of 49.0 Hz to 50.5 Hz, as specified by IEGC

Scheduling & dispatch by RLDCs/SLDCs is based on day ahead
demand & availability
Frequency control by load-generation balance in every 15 mins time
blockand Wide frequency variation during Grid disturbance, Unit
outage, Change in demand, etc.
Emergencies caused due to frequency control only through
importing /cutting load by system operator

FGMO - GRID CODES

All generating units should have their speed governors in normal
operation at all times to enable Grid frequency control by loading /
unloading
Droop characteristic for primary response should be within 3% to 6%
Each unit shall be capable of instantaneously picking up at least 5%
extra load for a minimum of 5 mins (up to 105%MCR), during fall in
frequency
No dead bands and/or time delays shall be deliberately introduced

FGMO
Reference Center Frequency is floating
in 49.0 to 50.5 Hz band, depending
upon previous stable frequency.
The load correction are based on this
frequency set point, hence it is
possible to have load drop even at
49.5 Hz if there is sudden frequency
increase.

Droop Calculation
5% Droop means, 5% of rated
frequency corresponds to full load of
the machine.
For 250 MW unit
5% of 50 Hz = 2.5 Hz.
2.5 Hz ~ 250 MW.
Thus a machine of 250 MW size will drop
load of 250 MW if frequency is 52.5 Hz

FGMO SMOOTHEN THE WIDE FREQUENCY FLUCTUATION

FREQUENCY COMPARISION
52.0
PRE ABT
REGIME
WITHOUT
FGMO

51.5

FREQUENCY

51.0
50.5
50.0
49.5
49.0
48.5

POST ABT
REGIME WITH
FGMO

48.0
0:00

26/1/04

2:24

4:48

26/1/03

7:12

9:36

12:00

TIME

14:24

16:48

19:12

21:36

0:00

Source:ERLDC Website

CERC Order
Honble CERC,vide order dated 20.08.09 has issued directions
for implementing the RGMO,relevant extracts of which are
furnished here below.
Quote:
39.In the present scenario of deficit, it is not desirable to have
any frequency response from generators by reducing
generation when frequency is rising towards 50 Hz
from a lower level. Reduction of generation would be
necessary when frequency is already above 50 Hz and tends
to rise further. Therefore suitable control logic would have to
be developed to limit the governor response to situations
when frequency is rising and grid frequency is below 50 Hz.
Such a situation could be called a restricted governor
mode of operation and not total FGMO. How ever this
does not exempt the generators from getting the free
governor mode in to operational state for use when required.

Salient features of the CERC

Order
Load change is proposed
to be limited to +/-5%
of MCR in the frequency range of 49 Hz & 50.5 Hz
and

sustained

for

about

minutes

before

ramping back to original load automatically.

Small changes up to +/- 0.03Hz are ignored for
load corrections.
For frequency below 49 Hz and above 50.5 Hz,5%
droop of the governor would be effective with
load change limited to +5% of MCR for frequency
below 49 Hz and -10% of MCR above 50.5 Hz.

FGMO

FGMO

RGMO
Try to maintain Grid frequency at 50 Hz in power
deficit environment, all Generating stations
should have load correction based on frequency
as follows: If frequency is less than 50 Hz

no correction to be applied.
If frequency is greater than 50 Hz

generating units should drop load automatically

as per the droop set for that machine.

Frequency Influence
In the present power deficient scenario
in India, it is not possible to maintain
the grid frequency exactly at 50Hz.
So the primary frequency influence is
normally kept OFF.
However for Tata Grid we have made
special provision to have controlled
frequency correction during ISLANDING.

RGMO GUIDELINES

Governor Action
generating units shall be operated under
restricted governor mode of operation :
(a)Thermal generating units of 200 MW and above,
(b) Hydro units of 10 MW and above:
The restricted governor mode of operation shall
essentially have the following features:
(a) There should not be any reduction in
generation in case of improvement in grid
frequency below 50.2 Hz. ( for example if grid
frequency changes from 49.3 to 49.4 Hz. then
there shall not be any reduction in generation).
Whereas for any fall in grid frequency,
generation from the unit should increase by 5%
limited to 105 % of the MCR of the unit subject
to machine capability.

(b) Ripple filter of +/- 0.03 Hz. shall be provided so

that small changes in frequency are ignored for
load correction, in order to prevent governor
hunting.
(c) If any of these generating units is required to
be operated without its governor in operation as
specified above, the RLDC shall be immediately
advised about the reason and duration of such
operation. All governors shall have a droop
setting of between 3% and 6%.
(d) After stabilisation of frequency around 50 Hz,
the CERC may review the above provision
regarding the restricted governor mode of
operation and free governor mode of operation
may be introduced.

EHTC Blocks

WRLDC RGMO Test Guidelines

WRLDC RGMO Test Guidelines

WRLDC RGMO Test Guidelines

WRLDC RGMO Test Guidelines

RGMO test on 5th April 2010

As per WRLDC Order Generators above
250 MW were to switch on the
frequency influence in order to test the
unloading of generators when the
frequency goes above 50 Hz. Below 50
Hz there should be no load correction
applied by frequency Influence circuit.