CHAPTER 2 : NUTRITION

2.1 Classes of
Food

 Diet is the food we eat and drink.

A healthy diet consists of different classes of food to
give us:
- Energy to carry out various functions
- Substances to stay healthy and resist diseases
- Materials for the growth, development and repair of
cells
Food is divided into 7 main classes.
- carbohydrates
- minerals
- proteins
- fibre
- fats
- water
- vitamins

 Give us energy.
They are sugars and starch found in food.
Sugars are found in food such as fruits,
chocolates, jam and soft drinks.
Starch is found in food such as rice, bread,
cereals and potatoes.
Excess carbohydrates are stored as fats.

1. Carbohydrates

 Proteins are used for building body tissues, enzymes

and hormones .
Proteins are needed for the growth ,
development and repair of body
tissues.
They also give us energy.
Example of food rich in protein are meat, eggs, fish,
tofu, milk, cheese, chicken, beans , nuts ,
beef, peas and vegetables.

2. Protein

Chain of amino acid

 Fats provide us with energy and

warmth.
Fats are found in animal products such as
butter and fatty meat.
Fats are found in plant product
such as vegetables oils and nuts.

3. Fat
glycerol

Vegetable Fats (Liquild)

Animal Fats (Solid)

 Vitamins are needed in small amounts for our health

and growth.
A shortage or deficiency in any vitamin may
cause health problems.
Water-soluble vitamins such as
vitamin B and C are not stored in our body. So
regular intake is needed.
Fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E and K
are stored in fat tissues in our body where they are
slowly released .

4. Vitamins

4.1 Vitamin A

4.2 Vitamin D

4.3 Vitamin E

4.4 Vitamin K

4.5
Vitamin B

4.6 Vitamin C

oMinerals are needed in small

amount for our growth and
development.
oThey are also needed by body
tissues and used in some medical
reactions in body.

5. Minerals

Functions and sources of different minerals

Functions and sources of different minerals

5.1 Calcium

5.2 Phosphorus

5.3 Iodine

5.4 Iron

5.5 Sodium

5.6 Potassium

5.7 Fluorine

Food containing fibre can move along

quickly and easily through the intestines.
Without fibre, we may constipate .
Eating food containing fibre may prevent
piles and even bowel cancer.

Fibre cannot be broken down

by our digestive system.
Fibre passes through our body
and leaves as solid waste called
feaces.

6. Fibre

2 types of fibre :

Water is needed for breaking down food,

dissolving the different classes of food and
transporting various substances around our
body.
Water makes up about 70% of our body
weight and forms a major part of our body.
Chemical reactions in our body can only take
place when there is enough water.

 Lose water

Replace water

Urine, sweat, air we breathe out

Water drinking, some solid food

containing water

7. Water

1. Which of the following classes of food provides

energy to our body?
A. water
B. minerals
C. vitamins
D. carbohydrates
2. Milk contains most classes of food except
A. fats
B. fibre
C. minerals
D. carbohydrates

3. Which one of the following vitamins is produced by our

skin when exposed to sunlight?
A. vitamin A
B. vitamin B
C. vitamin C
D. vitamin D

4. The chart in Figure 1 shows the constituents in a food

sample. The food sample is most probably
A. rice
C. milk
B. beef
D. cheese

The End