Emission Control System

Purpose
The emission control systems are
installed to reduce the amount of CO, HC
and Nox exhausted from the engine.
To prevent the atmospheric release
of blow by gas HC and evaporated fuel
containing HC being released from the
tank.

Function of each system

1.

PCV Reduce HC

2.

EVAP Reduce evaporative HC

3.

EGR Reduce NOx

4.

TWC Reduce CO, HC, NOx

Type of Exhaust Emission

Pollutants
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon monoxide is a colorless,

odorless, tasteless and toxic gas

produced as a by-product of
combustion.

A product of incomplete combustion.

The main source of CO in our air is

vehicles emission.

 Health Effects
CO reduce the bloods ability to

carry oxygen to body tissue including

vital organs such as the heart and
brain.
It is most harmful to those who

suffer from heart and respiratory

disease.

Symptoms Associated With a Given

Concentration of CO Over Time

Nitrogen Oxide (Nox)

Generated when nitrogen in the air reacts with

oxygen at the high temperature and pressure in side

the engine.

Nox gases are formed everywhere where there is

combustion like in an engine.

In areas of high motor vehicle traffic, such as in

large cities, the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted

into the atmosphere as air pollution can be significant.

Nox react to form smog and acid rain.

Fuel NOx can contribute as much as 50% of total

emissions when combusting oil and as much as 80%
when combusting coal.

Health effects
NOx reacts with ammonia,

moisture, and other compounds to

form nitric acid vapor and related
particles.
Small particles can penetrate

deeply into sensitive lung tissue and

damage it, causing premature death
in extreme cases.
Inhalation of such particles may

cause or worsen respiratory diseases

Sulfur Oxide (Sox)

A general term for oxide

of sulphur, which are
emitted from motor vehicle
burning fuel containing
sulphur.

Health effects

Emissions harm human

health depends primarily on
ground-level ambient
concentrations, the number
of people exposed and
duration of exposure.

hydrocarbon
In chemistry, a hydrocarbon

is any chemical compound

that consists only of the
elements carbon (C) and
hydrogen (H).

Health effect

High levels of hydrocarbons in the

atmosphere can reduce the amount
of available oxygen. Carcinogenic
(cancer causing) forms of
hydrocarbons are considered
hazardous air pollutants, or air
toxins and can lead to the
development of cancer.

CATALYTIC CONVERTER
DESIGN

EGR VALVE

EGR VALVE

Basic operation of EGR valve

When a strong intake manifold

vacuum was pulled (the less the

throttle was opened ie. You took
you foot off the pedal) the EGR
valve opens to let exhaust gases
into the intake manifold. As
more throttle is applied, vacuum
drops and the EGR valve closes.

EGR SYSTEM

INSIDE CATALYTIC
CONVERTER

Meaning of oxidation

Oxidation is the loss of electrons

from an atom, molecule or ion,
whereas reduction is the gain of
electrons.

PCV VALVE

LOCATION OF EXHAUST GAS

EMISSION CONTROL COMPONENTS