Soil and Water Conservation

(SWC)

Dr. Suria Darma Tarigan MSc.

(Coordinator)
2014
1

Outline
1. Definition of SWC
2. Issues related to SWC
3. Land Degradation
4. Land Rehabilitation

1 Definition of SWC
Soil and Water Conservation:

SWC: utilization of soil based on

its capability to prevent land
degradation.
The above definition includes important aspects:

Based on its capability (how to

know it?)
Prevention of land degradation

Is land utilization here based on its capability?

Is there land degradation here?

Outline
1. Definition of SWC
2. Issues related to SWC
3. Land Degradation
4. Land Rehabilitation

2. Issues related to SWC

Soil Erosion and sedimentation
Land degradation
Flooding, Drought and Land slide

2.1 Soil Erosion

Soil erosion:
Soil erosion is a process of soil
loss by water or wind flow.

7
Soil erosion is the main cause
of
land degradation.

2.2 Coastal Sedimentation

Coastal sedimentation in
northern Java Island showed
an intensive soil erosion from
southern area.

2.3. Reservoir Sedimentation

Reservoir sedimentation in most

reservoirs in Java showed an intensive
soil erosion from upper area.

2.4. Degraded Land

Degraded land is mainly caused by
soil erosion

How Soil Erosion can induce degraded

land:
1) Top soil disappearance
2) Decreasing ability of soil to absorb
water
Physical characteristics of Latosol Citayam after 52.45
mm erosion in 10 month s
Before
After erosion
erosion
Bulk densit (g/cm3)
0.93
1.05
Permeability (cm/jam)
3.11
1.43
Penetration (kg/cm)

14.5

30.3

Degraded Land in Indonesia

Ministry of Forestry: 13,2 millions ha degraded lands,
5,9 millions ha inside forest area, and 7,3 million ha
outside forest area

2.5 Flooding and Land slides

. Floodings and land slides are related to the extend of degraded land
Flooding and land slides occurence in Indonesia is still categorized high

Natural disaster in Indonesia (19982003)

Types

freque
ncy

Victims

Loss
(mio
rupiah)

Flooding

302

1066

191.312

Land
slides

245

645

13.928

Erath
quake

38

306

100.000

Volcano

16

N.D

Thunder
storm

46

4.015

647

2022

Total

Sumber: Bakornas PB

13

13

14

Outline
1. Definition of SWC
2. Issues related to SWC
3. Land Degradation
4. Land Rehabilitation

3. Land Degradation
Land degradation:
is a detereoration of soil leading to a loss
of one or all of its function to support
corresponding biotic activities

Land degradation drivers:

1. Erosion
2.Loss of nutrients and organic matter.
3.Mining activities
Tipe of land degradation : Physical, Chemical &
biological degradation

Type of land degradation

a.1. Physical LD Erosion

17

a.2. Physical LD Mining

18

a.3. Physical Land clearing with heavy

machineries

19

b. Chemical LD
Loss of nutrient and organic matter due to
the forest fire
Heavy metal contaminations
Salinization

20

3. Biological LD:

Over use of pesticides and forest

fire

21

Outline
1. Definition of SWC
2. Issues related to SWC
3. Land Degradation
4. Land Rehabilitation

4. Land Rehabiltation
4.1 Prevention:
Land utilization according to its capability
Use of soil and conservation techniques

 Soil and water conservation methods

1.Vegetative method
2.Structural method
3.Chemical method

 Chemical method: Alcosorb and Soil Fix

for Hydro seeding
ALCOSORB SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DIRENDAM AIR

berupa krital
(sebelum)

berupa gel
(sesudah)

Use of Alcosorb for tree planting in degraded land

Before and After SOILFIX application

before

after

 Application of Alcosrob and Soil Fix for Hydro

seeding

Kaltim Prima Coal

Freeport Tailing Rec. Soilfix Polybead

 Alcosrob Soil Fix untuk Hydro seeding pada

Kaltim Prima Coal

Kaltim Prima Coal