5

Logarithmic, Exponential, and

Other Transcendental Functions

If you aren't in over your

head, how do you know
how tall you are?
T. S. Eliot

Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

5.6

Inverse Trigonometric
Functions: Differentiation

Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Under suitable restrictions, each of the six trigonometric
functions is one-to-one and so has an inverse function, as
shown in the following definition.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

The graphs of the six inverse trigonometric functions are
shown in Figure 5.29.

Figure 5.29

10

Example 1 Evaluating Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Evaluate each function.

Solution:

11

Example 1 Evaluating Inverse Trigonometric Functions

contd

12

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Inverse functions have the properties
f (f 1(x)) = x and f 1(f (x)) = x.
When applying these properties to inverse trigonometric
functions, remember that the trigonometric functions have
inverse functions only in restricted domains.
For x-values outside these domains, these two properties
do not hold.
For example, arcsin(sin ) is equal to 0, not .
13

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

14

Example 2 Solving an Equation

15

Inverse Trig Functions

Given y arcsin x, where 0 y / 2, find cos y.

sin y x

y
1 x
cos y 1 x

16

Inverse Trig Functions

Given y arc sec

5
sec y
2

5 / 2 , find tan y.

5
y

2
tan y 1/ 2
17

Inverse Trig Functions

x
Find sec tan
3

x
tan y
3

sec

2
x
9

tan 1
3
3

18

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

19

Inverse Trig Functions and Differentiation

Find y

y sin u ,
sin y u

Take derivative implicitly

cos y y u
u
y
cos y

?
y

2
sec
1 u

2
x
9

tan 1
3
3

20

Inverse Trig Functions and Differentiation

1

y tan u ,
tan y u

Find y

Take derivative implicitly

sec y y u
2

u
y

2
sec y

u
u2 1

sec

2
x
9

tan y1 u
3 2 3

u 1

21

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

The following theorem lists the derivatives of the six inverse
trigonometric functions.

22

Inverse Trig Functions and Differentiation

2
d
arcsin 2 x
2
dx
1 4x

d
u'
arcsin u
2
dx
1 u

d
3
arctan 3x 1 9x 2
dx
d
u'
arctan u
dx
1 u2

24

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

d

arcsin
x

dx

d
u'
arcsin u
2
dx
1 u

1 / 2x 1/ 2
1
1

1 x
2 x 1 x 2 x x2

25

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

d
2x
arc sec e
dx

2e
e

2x

d
u'
arc sec u
2
dx
u u 1

2x

(e ) 1
2x 2

2
e 1
4x

26

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Differentiate y arcsin x x 1 x 2
d
u'
arcsin u
dx
1 u2

1
2 1/ 2
y'
1 x x 1 x
2 x

2
2
1 x
1

11 x
1 x

1 x

2 1 x

1 x

1 x

2
27

Review of Basic Differentiation Rules

29

Summary of Differentiation Rules

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

d
cu cu '
dx
d
u v u ' v '
dx
d
uv u ' v uv '
dx
d u
u ' v uv '

dx v
v2
d
c 0
dx
d n
u nu n 1u '
dx
d
x 1
dx
d
u
u
u ' , u
dx
u

d
u'
ln
u

dx
u
d u
e eu u '
10.
dx
d
u'
11.
log
u

a
dx
ln a u
9.

12.
13.
14.
15.
0 16.

c coefficient

d
sec u sec u tan u u '
dx
d
18.
csc u csc u cot u u '
dx
d
u'
19.
arcsin
u

dx
1 u2
17.

d
20.
a u ln a a u u '
dx
d
sin u cos u u ' 21.
dx
d
cos u sin u u ' 22.
dx
d
tan u sec2 u u ' 23.
dx
d
cot u csc2 u u ' 24.
dx

d
u '
arccos u
dx
1 u2
d
u'
arctan u
dx
1 u2
d
u '
arc cot u
dx
1 u2
d
u'
arc
sec
u

dx
u u2 1
d
u '
arc csc u
dx
u u2 1

u & v expressions in terms of x

33

Homework
Day 1 HW 5.6 p.377
17, 21, 31, 41-61,71,77 all odds
Day 2 HW MMM pgs.205,206

35


5
u

2
2
1

(
x

2
)
1

y21yx32u2113(x26x322116x)22316x2136x2

u
Day 2 More Examples. Differentiate:

1. y arcsin 5 x 2

2. y arctan x 2 5

3. y csc 1 x 3 2 x 1

x
4. y cot
6
1

36

y4124y186x4x822(316912xx4)232267412x12(3x229)21x2

Practice Problems. Differentiate:

1. y 8 arcsin x 7 arccos x
2. y 4 arccos 3 x 9

x
3. y 4 tan
8
1

37

Calculus HWQ 1/24

Find the equation of the tangent line to the graph of the
function at the given point:

y arctan at 2,
2

1
y x 2
4 4
38