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Abstract
A solid-state transformer (SST) is a high-frequency power electronic converter that is used as a
distribution power transformer. A common three-stage configuration of an SST consists of ac
dc rectifier, isolated dcdc dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter, and dcac inverter. This study
addresses the controller design issue for a dcdc DAB converter when driving a regulated
single-phase dcac inverter. Since the switching frequency of the inverter stage is much
higher than that of the DAB stage, the single phase inverter is modeled as a double-linefrequency (e.g., 120 Hz) current sink. The effect of 120-Hz current by the single-phase
inverter is studied. The limitation of a PI-controller, low gain at 120 Hz, is investigated. Two
methods are proposed to improve the regulation of the output voltage of DAB converters. The
first one uses a bands top filter and feed forward, while the second method uses an additional
proportional-resonant controller in the feedback loop. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and
experiment results are provided.
Existing system
The multistage acdcacdcac configuration is one of many feasible
single-phase SST topologies [1][4]. An SST is used to interface between
a medium-voltage distribution network (e.g., 7.2 kV) and a low-voltage
distribution network (e.g., 240 V). The output voltage and the output
current of the inverter stage are grid frequency, while the input and
output voltages of the dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter stage are dc.
As a result, the instantaneous output power fluctuates at twice the line
frequency and there is significant second-order harmonic current at the
input side of the inverter stage.
Existing system
Proposed system
Cont..
Cont ..
The conventional power flow diagram of a multistage SST is given in Fig. 2. Ideally, the
voltage and current at both the input of the rectifier and the output of the inverter are line
frequency, e.g., 60 Hz. Therefore, the input power of the rectifier and the output power of the
inverter consist mainly of average power (which is in dc) and ripple power (which is the
second-order harmonic content at 120 Hz).
Assumptions
The focus of this study is on the DAB converters in SSTs, the following
assumptions are made:
1) The rectifier stage has been well designed to provide a stable input dc voltage
for the DAB stage;
2) The inverter stage has been well designed to provide a 120 V sinusoidal output
voltage at 60 Hz; and
3) The switching frequency of the inverter is higher than that of the DAB converter
and the switching frequencies of all converter stages are much higher than the
grid frequency
MODEL ANALYSIS
The control-to-output transfer function of a
DAB converter is given by
Cont..
where vs is the input voltage. Given a specified power rating, a range of preferred
phase-shift ratio d, and a specific range of soft switching, the product of transformer
leakage inductance Lt , and switching frequency fs is fixed. Therefore, increase of fs
would result in decrease of Lt , canceling the effect of increasing switching frequency.
Only output capacitance significantly affects the transfer function of the converter, as
shown in Fig
Cont
Waveforms
Waveforms
CONCLUSION
The cascaded connection of power converters poses a challenge for the closed
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