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Psychology
What is Psychology?
Psychology comes from the root words psyche, or
Why is Psychology a
Science?
Psychology is an objective and
person?
How can we control aggression?
Is fear of spiders abnormal?
How did I learn to study?
Western History of
Psychology
Early dates
17th Century
Rene Descartes
Nativist View:
some ideas are innate
John Locke
Empiricist View:
Knowledge is acquired through
experiences & interactions with the
world
1869
1879
Wilhelm Wundt
Father of Psychology
Established the first psychological
laboratory (Germany @ Leipzig Univ. )
Research: senses (vision), attention,
emotion and memory
History
continues
1883
1888
James McKeen
Cattell
19th Century
Titchener
Structuralism:
Specified mental structures & analyzed the
basic elements of mental life.
Introspection: the examination of ones own
emotional states & mental processes.
William James
Functionalism:
Functions of the mind & behavior to adapt
to the environment
1920s
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorism:
Only observable behavior should be
studied
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
1912
Max Wertheimer
Gestalt Psychology:
Gestalt means form or configuration
the whole is greater than the sum of its
parts
20th Century
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis:
Human behavior is deeply influenced by
unconscious thoughts, impulses, & desires
(sex & aggression)
Recent devts
Herbert Simon
Noam Chomsky
1926
Agustin Alonzo
1932
Sinforoso Padilla,
Ph.D. (Univ. of
Michigan, 1928)
Jesus Perpinan,
Ph.D. (Iowa State
Univ, 1933)
1948
1962
1962
Perspectives in Psychology
Psychodynamic Approach
Behavioral Approach
Cognitive Approach
Biological or Behavioral Neuroscience Approach
The Phenomenological or Humanistic Approach
The Sociocultural Approach
The Evolutionary Psychology Approach
Psychodynamic Approach
Developed by Sigmund Freud
States that much of our behavior
called psychoanalysis
Behavioral Approach
John B. Watson: father of Behaviorism
Behaviors are activities of people or other organisms
Cognitive Approach
Concerned with mental processes, such as
Biological Approach
Concerned with how the brain and nervous system
Phenomenological or Humanistic
Approach
Focuses on the subjective and personal
Sociocultural
Approach
Studies the ways by which social and cultural
The Evolutionary
Psychology
Emphasizes the importance of adaptation,
survive.
Research Methods of
Psychology
Experimental Method
Quasi-experimental Method
Correlational Method
The Naturalistic Observation Method
The Survey Method
Standardized Tests
Case Studies
Archival Research
Experimental Method
The main objective of an experiment is to discover
Quasi-Experimental
Method
Similar to the experimental method except that
Correlational Method
The objective of this method is to determine whether
occurs naturally.
interview schedule.
Ex. Political opinions, sexual attitudes, or product
preferences
Allows us to gather data about experiences,
Standardized Tests
Respondents are required to answer a series of
Case Studies
Descriptive record of an
individuals experiences or
behavior, or both, as kept by
an observer.
The main objective is to
Archival Research
Written records (i.e. public and private documents),
Fields/Specializations in
Psychology
Clinical Psychology: deals with the diagnosis and
(e.g.
Fields/Specializations in
Psychology
Social Psychology: focuses on how people think,
Psychology specialties:
Consumer Psychology: deals with the activities
Psychology specialties:
Environmental Psychology: deals with the relationship
Psychology specialties:
Personality Psychology: study of individual
Psychology specialties:
Psychology of Women: emphasizes the importance