Asian Americans:

Exclusion and Segregation

Reggie, Casey,
Trevor,Kristina

Section Title

What kinds of educational policies

and laws were instituted for the Asian
Americans?

Policies
- 1872 California School Code
- 1884 Prohibition of Mongolian integration
in the school curriculum
- 1885 Tape v. Hurley (Mamie Tapes)

- 1906 San Francisco Board of Education

segregation act

American Culture
- 1914 Japanese Education Association
- 100% Americanism

- 1927 US Supreme court intervention

WhatTitle
impact did these policies and
Section
laws have on Asian Americans?

Images of Asian Americans

-

Coolie: An Asian worker who was willing to work long hours for low pay under
terrible conditions.

Deviant: Portrayed relation with Chinese opium dens and sexual freedom.

Yellow Peril: Asians seen as a plague taking over the United States.

Model Minority: This view developed during the civil rights movement of the 1960s
and 1970s. Asians portrayed as model students. This image primarily used to criticize
African Americans and Hispanics.

Gook: Usually used after the Vietnam War. Portrayed Asians as a faceless and
powerful enemy who was willing to sacrifice everything to destroy their enemy.

Segregation in Schools
- California school code of 1872: Only created
schools that allowed for the admission of white
children between five and twenty-one.
Didnt create public schooling for any minority.
- Mamie Tape (1884 and 1885) : Had U.S.
citizenship, but was still denied a right to public
education. Superior Court Judge ruled in favor of Mamie, then two weeks later CA legislature
revised the California school code to only provide education for Asians in segregated schools.
- In Mississippi Asian Americans were required to attend African American segregated schools, while
in California, Asian Americans were required to attend segregated schools for Mexican Americans.
- Territorial government law 1923: Stated that all Americans must be taught in one language. This
hindered the basis of Japanese language schools. After fighting, still managed to keep Japanese
language schools, but only a few.

WhatTitle
kind of schools were provided
Section
for Asian Americans?

Guard well the doors of our public schools that they [Chinese] do not enter.
-Statment by San Francisco Board of Supervisors

1859 - Exclusion of Chinese from public schools in San

Francisco.
California code of 1872
denied Asian Americans access to public school
education.
January 1885 supreme court judge Maguire ruled that
the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed equal protection,
including access to public schooling.
California, in response, revised schools for segregated
education.
Created separate schools for children of
Mongolian and
Chinese descent
1905 - San
Francisco
Board
of Education
established
San
Franciscos
Oriental
Public School
protested
policy of

1906:
California establish separate school for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean children
was boycotted
Japanese appealed to Japanese government, claiming segregation was an insult to the nation.
California received pressure from Federal government when U.S. entered Gentlemens Agreement with Japan
formal withdrawal of the San Francisco school board order on March 13, 1907
Japanese could join White schools
In Hawaii Japanese private schools are established to retain culture but faced with
white criticism
May 17, 1954:
U.S. Supreme Court issued its landmark decision in Brown v. Board of
Education, declaring that racially segregated public schools were inherently
unequal.

What Title
is the content of the curriculum
Section
received by Asian Americans?

100% American Campaign

-Though Asians born in America could be considered citizens, they could not attend schools with fellow
white Americans.
-With the creation of segregated schools, Asian Americans were able
to become educated but still under the idea of
Americanizing our immigrants.
-Hawaii was criticised for trying to preserve the Japanese language.
-All Americans must be taught to read and write in one language; this is a primary condition to that growth
which all nations expect of us and which we demand ourselves From a territorial Government report 1919
-To enforce the Americanization of Asian Americans, the Government tried to force teachers in the private
and segregated school be certified. this certification said that they were to possess, ideals of democracy
and a knowledge of the English language, American History, And methods of Government.

The Nisei Project

-Nisei stands for a second generation japanese student.
-The study was conducted by Stanford University, looking at how Nisei achieved higher grades than their
European counterparts, except for after the 8th grade when they declined.
-Children followed in their parents footsteps, which may have been to answer to why Japanese students
were giving up once in high school.
-Stanford felt that Nisei college students were setting unrealistic goals for themselves wanting to go into
business,medicine and engineering.
-These occupations necessitate the handling of white common and skill laborers, who resent Japanese
being placed over them.