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Gastrointestinal Tract
Dr. A.Aziz Djamal
MSc.DTM&H.SpMK(K)
Gastro-intestinal tract
Respiratory tract
complex
Genitourinary tract
defence
)
)
)
All with
mucosal
mechanism
It is necessary as an interface
between non-sterile
part of body and the sterile
Mouth / Oral :
Normally
The most numerous number of bacterial
species
The most abundant bacterial content.
Pathogens :
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus mutans
Oesophagus
The less prone to get infection due to
microbe.
Oesophagitis is commonly caused by
irritation and
errosive inflamation due to gastric acid
reflux.
Gaster
The only reported pathogenic bacteria
Helicobacter pylory :
Spiral shape
2-4 micron in length
0.5 1.0 micron in width
Gram negative
Urease producing
2-6 unipolar flagel
Microaerophilic
Other Characteristic :
Can not afford to the high
Oxygen Pressure
( need only 2- 5 % of O2 )
Primary Host :
Human
Other primates
Animal Model :
Mouse
Mongolian Gerbil
Guinea Pig
Gnotobiotic Piglet
Transmission :
Mostly human to human
transmission
Oral to oral
Fecal to oral
Developing countries :
Early childhood
80 % of population are infected.
Developed countries
Mostly adolescent and adult
40 % of population are infected
Other Species :
H. felis
H. mestelae
H. acinonychis
Tiger,
Host
: Cat
Dog
Mice
Host : Ferret
Host : Cheetah,
Other
big cats
H. Heelmannii
Dog, Cat,
Host
Human,
Pathology
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer
disease
Gastric adenoma
MALT Lymphoma
Type of Gastritis
1. Pan-gastritis :
Chronic inflammation
Atrophy
Intestinal metaplasia
Acid secretion :
Reduced
Duodenal Mucous :
Normal
Clinical Condition :
Gastric ulcer
Gastric cancer
2. Antral Gastritis
Chronic inflammation
Polymorph activity
Acid secretion : Increase
Duodenal : Gastric
metaplasia
Active chronic
inflammation
Clinical Condition :
Duodenal Ulcer
Diagnosis :
Invasive : Endoscopy
Gastric mucous biopsy :
Culture
Histology
Non-invasive :
Blood
Saliva
Urine
feces
INTESTINAL
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Reduced of Oxygen content
Alkaline
Bile secretions
Normally : Anaerobic bacteria is the
predominant :
Bacteroides sp
Pathogenic micro-organisms in
intestinal :
Some Species of Enterobacteriaceae
Some species of Vibrionaceae
Some viral species
Family Enterobacteriaceae :
Genus : Escherichia
Salmonella
Shigella
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Yersinia
Esherichia coli
Salmonella :
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella paratyphi A , B, C
Typhoid Fever and Salmonellosis
Mostly Food borne disease
Shigella :
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella sonnei
Shigella shigae
Not in Intestine but in Colon
Necrotizing toxin
Local inflammation with
pseudomembrane
Vibrionaceae :
Vibrio cholerae ; Classic and
El Tor
Strong
Enterotoxin
Water
borne disease
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Food
poisoning
Pathogenic Virus :
mucous
mucous
absorption
Rota Virus :
Mostly children under 5 years
Inflammatory on intestinal
Epithelial change in intestinal
Damage on Mucosal cilia
Nutritional and water
Pathogenesis :
1.Adhere conducted by a group of factors
adhesins
2. Invasion by several substances :
invasins
3. Overcome the host defence system by
many
factors called : Defensins
4. Damage of the host tissue or cells by a
group of
substances called aggressins.
Diagnosis
Mostly by detection of the bacteria /
antigen from
gastrointestinal secretion / content.
Serology
Molecular