LIQID

LIQID LEVEL
LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
MEASUREMENTS

Level Gage Glasses - 1

Tubular Glasses

Armored Gage Glasses

Level Gage Glasses - 2

Reflex Gage Glass

Clear Through ( Transparent ) Gage Glass

Magnetic Level Indicators - 1

Magnetic Level Gage

Float Tube CL

Dimensions:
A. Determined by factory
B. Determined by factory
C. Determined by factory

L. Determined by Customer

Magnetic Level Indicator - 2

Float Tube

Graduated
Scale

Magnetic
Flags

Flanged
Process
Connection

Magnetic Level Indicator - 3

Level Measurements Using P & DP Instruments

Tank Crosssectional Area = A

H
LLL

Atmospheric Tank or Vessel, using

Pressure Transmitter as LT.

Liquid density =

LT

Pressure @ LLL = (HA x x g) / A = H x x g

H = P / g = P / (constant) = k P, where:
k = constant = 1 / g
g = Gravity acceleration

Level Measurements Using P & DP Instruments

Tank Cross-sectional
Area = A

Pressurized Tank or Vessel, using Differential

Pressure Transmitter as LT.

Tank Pressure = P1
H
LLL

Liquid density =

Output Signal

LT
Pressure = P1
Pressure P = HA g + P1

The LT measures Differential Pressure DP

DP = P - P1 = (H g + P1) - P1
=Hg
H = DP / g = k x DP , where k = constant
Note that a DP gage can be used to give direct reading of the level.

Displacer Sensors - 1
Displacer Weight (W1) = Displacer Volume x Its Density
Buoyancy Force (W2) = Immersed Displ. Volume x Liquid
Density
Sensed Force (W)

= W1 - W2

Displ. Volume & density is constant, therefore : W1 = const. K1

W2 = L (D2 / 4) = L x const. K2
Therefore :
W = K1 - K2 x L

K1

Where :
L = Liquid Level
= Liquid Density
D = Displ. Diameter

Top - Mounted
Displacer Inside the
Vessel

10

External Cage Level Xmtr

11

Float Level Switches

12

SIDE INSERTED FLOAT OR DISPLACER LEVEL

SWITCHES

Operation: A solid
displacer or heavyduty float is
supported by a pivot
shaft and
counterweight.
Single point alarm
switching action
occurs as the liquid
level or interface
position crosses the
center line of the
body.
Uses: High and low
alarm for level,
interface position,
and sequencing

Insertion: 14 inches basic

Specific Gravity: 0.6 to 2.4

Insertion: 12 to 24 inches
Specific Gravity: 0.15 to 2.4

Operation: A pivoted float

rides on the liquid level or
interface position. Two switch
actions occur as the elevation
varies. Uses: Two point alarm
or on-off pump control
Specific Gravity: 0.4 to 2.4

13

EXTERNAL CAGE FLOAT OR DISPLACER LEVEL

SWITCHES

Operation: The weight of a

displacer or heavy-duty
float is supported by a
counterweight and a pivot
shaft.
Switching occurs as the
level (interface) crosses
the body centerline.
Specific Gravity: 0.23 to
2.4

Operation: A float or
displacer moves up
and down as the liquid
level (interface) varies.
Switch action occurs at
a preset elevation
Switching: Single
alarm
Specific Gravity: 0.35
to 2.4

Operation: A float with a

long stroke action moves up
and down as the liquid level
varies.
Switching occurs at up to
four separate points: alarm
and/or differential
Differential: up to 72"
Specific Gravity: 0.4 to 2.4

14