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This commitment to quality has seen it grow from a modest turnover of Rs.10
Lakhs in 2000 to nearly Rs.331 Lakhs in 2012. The major works are,
a) Substation,
c) Transmission tower,
d) Residential buildings.
TRANSMISSION TOWER
Purpose of transmission tower
A tall structure used to support an overhead power line. Also called electricity pylon
or pylon.
The structures of overhead transmission lines, comprising essentially the supports
and foundations, have the role of keeping the conductors at the necessary distance form one
another and form earth, with the specified factor of safety to facilitate the flow of power
through conductor form one point to another with reliability, security and safety.
Transmission lines carry electricity over long distances at high voltages, typically between
110 kV and 765 kV (115,000 volts and765, 000 volts).
Intermediate
Light
TOWER HEIGHT
(a) Minimum permissible ground clearance (Ha)
(b) Maximum sag (Hb).
(c) Vertical spacing between conductors (Hc).
(d) Vertical clearance between ground wire and
top conductor (Hw).
Thus the total height of the tower is given by
H = Ha + Hb + Hc + Hw
66kV - 5.49m
2)
110kV - 6.10m
3)
220kV - 7.01m
4)
400kV - 8.84m
The above clearances are applicable to transmission lines running in open country.
SAG CALCULATION
Sag at any Span = Sag at Basic Span (Span Length) 2
(Basic Span) 2
METHODS OF ERECTION
SECTION METHOD
In the section method, major sections of the tower are
assembled on the ground and the same are erected as units.
Either a mobile crane is used and held in place by means of
guys by the side of the tower to be erected.
The two opposite sides of the lower section of the tower are
assembled on the ground.
Each assembled side is then lifted clear of the ground with
the Crane and is lowered into position on bolts to stubs or anchor bolts
One side is held in place with props while the other side is being
erected
The two opposite sides are then laced together with cross members
diagonals and the assembled sections lined up, made square with the
line, and levelled.
After the two opposite faces are raised, the lacing on the other two sides
is bolted up.
TOWER ERECTION
The minimum diameter of bolts used for the erection of transmission line towers
is 12 mm. Other sizes commonly used are 16 mm and 20 mm.
Table 3.1 gives the minimum cover to free edge and bolt spacing as per IS: 802
(Part II)-1978 Code of Practice for Use of Structural Steel in Overhead
Transmission line Towers.
On heavier structures, however, the web stresses may be very large and it may not
be possible to accommodate the number of bolts required for the leg connection
in the space available on the members, thus Necessitating the use of gusset plates
LOAD CALCULATION
1) Dead load - IS 875 ( Part 1)
2) Live load IS 875 (part 2)
DEAD LOAD
PCC 24 KN/CU.M
RCC - 25KN/CU.M
Floor Finish 1 KN / CU.M
LIVE LOAD
1) Dwelling houses
a) All rooms and kitchens - 2 KN / SQ.M
b) Toilet and bath rooms - 2 KN / SQ.M
c) Corridors, passages, staircases
including tire escapes and store rooms
d) Balconies
- 3 KN / SQ.M
- 3 KN / SQ.M
Details of Slab
SLAB
LY
(m)
LX
(m)
TYPE OF
SLAB
THICKNESS
(mm)
MAIN
REINFORCE
MENT
DISTRIBUTIO
N
REINFORCE
MENT
SLAB 1
3.3
3.1
TWO WAY
125
SLAB 2
3.3
3.1
TWO WAY
125
SLAB 3
3.6
3.3
TWO WAY
125
SLAB 4
3.6
3.3
TWO WAY
125
SLAB 5
3.3
2.3
TWO WAY
125
SLAB 6
3.3
2.3
TWO WAY
125
10 mm @300
mm
10 mm @300
mm
10 mm @300
mm
10 mm @300
mm
10 mm @300
mm
10 mm @300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm
8 mm @ 300
mm
Details of Beam
TENSION
BEAM
SIZE
No
(m)
LENGTH (m)
SHEAR
REINFORCEM REINFORCEM
ENT
ENT
(6 Nos. of bars)
(2
legged
stirrups)
01
230 X 400
3.8
3Nos of 16mm
8mm@300mm
02
230 X 400
3.5
2Nos of 16mm
8mm@300mm
03
230 X 400
3.3
2Nos of 16mm
8mm@300mm
04
230 X 400
3.5
2Nos of 16mm
8mm@300mm
Details of column
DIA OF
TYPE OF
COLUMN
SIZE
Ast
BARS
LATERAL
COLUMN
NO
IN mm
(mm2)
PROVIDED
TIES
SPACING
(8mm)
AXIAL
18
230 X 300
654.20
4Nos. of 16mm
230 mm c/c
bar
UNIAXIAL
36
230 X 300
1932
6Nos. of 20mm
300 mm c/c
bar
BIAXIAL
18
230 X 300
2484
6Nos. of 20mm
bar
300 mm c/c
Details of foundation
Details of staircase
Details of sunshade
STAAD.Pro ANALYSIS
230 X 400
TOP
REINFORCEMENT
2 nos of 10mm bar
BOTTOM
REINFORCEMENT
4 nos 12mm bar
230 X 400
230 X 400
230 X 400
230 X 400
SHEAR
8mm 2 legged
stirrups @ 120mm c/c
8mm 2 legged
stirrups @ 120mm c/c
8mm 2 legged
stirrups @ 120mm c/c
8mm 2 legged
stirrups @ 120mm c/c
8mm 2 legged
stirrups @ 120mm c/c
SIZE OF BEAM
MAIN
REINFORCEMENT
TIE
REINFORCEMENT
230 X 300
REQUIRED STEEL
AREA
( sq.mm )
383.05
230 X 300
661.55
230 X 300
597.06
230 X 300
661.58
230 X 300
662.40
WEIGHT
(in mm)
(in New)
--------
60.72 CU.METER
--------
19507.15
10
5040.26
12
18558.90
16
2245.39
20
1470.63
25
453.57
1430.563 KN
Conclusion
The practical training was very useful and it provides good stage to known the
site difficulties and situations related to the course and the new techniques
implemented.
This gives a very good exposure to the construction industry and also justifies
the importance of Design in the buildings.
THANK YOU