INTRODUCTION

Basement waterproofing refers to techniques or materials used to reduce water penetrating the basement of a structure. Waterproofing systems seal the foundation
against the entry of water. Waterproofing involves the application of materials and/or sealants and installation of drains and possibly a sump pump to collect, remove
and/or redirect water away from the basement.
PURPOSE
Waterproofing is often required for structures built at or below ground level. Waterproofing and drainage considerations are especially important in cases where ground
water is likely to build up in the soil and raise the water table. A higher water table causes hydrostatic pressure to be exerted underneath basement floors and against
basement walls. Hydrostatic pressure forces water in through cracks in foundation walls, and through openings caused by expansion and contraction of the footingfoundation wall joint, or up through floor cracks. Hydrostatic pressure can cause major structural damage to foundation walls, and is likely to contribute to mold, decay,
and other moisture-related problems.
CAUSE
Poor Drainage
Construction joints
hydrostatic pressure
Plumbing Leaks
capillary action of water
Improper Sump Pumps & vapour barrior
Wall Cracks, honeycombing, wick
Poor Building Site Preparation
Foundation-Fluctuating soil moisture
levels

leakage

improper sump

cracks

An appropriate waterproofing will allow your building to live

longer without maintenance.
hydrostatic pressure

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - BASEMENT WATERPROOFING

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DETAILS OF BASEMENT
TECHNIQUES
(a) Positive side waterproofing system

sheet membrane system

liquid applied system

cementitious system

board system

drainage system
(b) Negative side waterproofing system

crystalline cementitious system

flexible cementitious system

fluid applied system

(c) Blind side waterproofing system

bentonite based system

cement applied system

drainage system

Basement showing positive and negative side with all type of forces acting on it

1. Plain cement concrete

2. Flexible waterproofing coating/membrane
3. Protective screed
4. RCC raft
5. Protective method on vertical surface
C1. First construction joint minimum at 300mm above raft top
C2. Subsequent construction joint (As minimum as possible)

Details of construction joints in basement

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - BASEMENT WATERPROOFING

Cross sectional details showing typical waterproofing by membrane

and perforated pipe arrangement to lower ground water table to relieve
raft of hydrostatic pressure head the sidewalls to protect from direct
exposure to sub soil water
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NAME - NEDA SHAKIL

ROLL NO. - 13
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SHEET MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING

HOT APPLIED:

a. Clean & remove dust, dirt, loose particles

and unsound substrate

b. Apply primer coat with solvent based

bitumen primer

c. Unroll the membrane

The surface preparation, application of primer,

coating/
membrane, protection measures these application
process depends upon type of waterproofing system.
The typical detailing of a deep basement with
APP/SBS modified bitumen based membrane is
shown.
f. Keep overlap margin for minimum 100 mm

d. Align the membrane Roll

g. Heat both the overlaps & use round

tipped trowel to seal overlap

e. Use gas burner to heat substrate & underside to

softening points

h. Seal the edges well and protect with a

Polysulphide sealant

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - BASEMENT WATERPROOFING

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SHEET MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING

COLD APPLIED :
The most commonly specified sheet materials are self-adhering rubberized asphalt membranes.
These 60-mil-thick membranes are composed of rubberized asphalt laminated to a waterproof
polyethylene film. The asphalt side is incredibly sticky but is covered by a release paper, which
you remove during application.
After surface preparation, application of primer, coating/membrane, protection measures, sheets
arre applied.
It takes two people, one on top to smooth it out and stick it down, the other on the bottom to pull
off the paper.
With a fish-mouth or wrinkle, all you do is slit the raised area, press it down flat, and cover it with
a patch.
SHEET MEMBRANE APPLICATION

HOT APPLIED
Hot applied Rubberized
asphalt compound that forms
a strong, flexible seamless
waterproofing membrane
Offers strong protection
because of the way it has to
be applied
Majorly used in terraces.
Generally done in horizontal
direction
Safety during application
could be a factor
experienced installer with
specialized equipment

COLD APPLIED

Bonds to both concrete and

asphalt.
Skins over in 30 minutes; no
dust pick up.
Easy application; no mixing
required.
Can be applied to green
concrete.
Will not slump.
Will not harm EPS or
Styrofoam materials.
Does not require primer.
Does not freeze; will not be
damaged due to freezing
weather conditions.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - BASEMENT WATERPROOFING
Cures to a tough, flexible
membrane.

External basement waterproofing systems

1 Primer
2 Waterproofing pipe penetrations
3 Preparing wall/floor junctions
4 Installing fillets
5 Waterproofing layer (bitumen sheet)
6 Protection of the waterproofing layer
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LIQUID APPLIED WATERPROOFING

You apply a liquid membrane by spray, roller, or trowel. The liquid cures into a rubbery coating on the wall. One
manufacturer has a spray-applied liquid membrane composed of polymer-modified asphalt.
At the wall-footing joint, you may be required to use cement or other trowel-grade material to form a "fillet"
(radius or cove) before applying the overall coating.
METHOD
Substrate preparation(surface is cleaned and made suitable for further application)
Primer is applied by roller or brush.
Proofing -then resin is applied.
Surface will be rainproof after 30mins.
Decorative covering
HOT APPLIED
ADVANTAGES
Continuity due to jointless
application.
Elastic and flexible
Can protect the structure against
aggressive soils and groundwater
when applied externally.
Have high substrate adhesion.
When applied internally, must be
restrained by a loading coat.
Substrate must be free from
surface water for bonding to
occur.
Requires good surface
preparation.
Careful application needed to SPRAY APPLIED LIQUID RUBBER WATERPROOF MEMBRANE
achieve correct thickness of dried
film.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - BASEMENT WATERPROOFING

ROLLER APPLIED LIQUID WATERPROOFING

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CEMENTITIOUS WATERPROOFING
Cementitious coatings are designed to protect reinforced concrete structures in two ways for protection
against chemical attack and as a structural waterproofing. Products are available in hand or spray-applied
waterproofing (negative and positive) coatings for wastewater treatment facilities, water retaining structures,
and
concrete tanks and tunnels.
APPLICATIONS
Horizontal or vertical applications to concrete, masonry, brick and parging
(render)
Waterproof coating of new or old structures, above or below grade, positive or
negative water pressure side.
Basements
Fountains
METHOD
Potable water tanks
surface is cleaned.
surface is made smooth with the layer of tape crete and pop
left for 2 hrs
then coating of primer.
then 1st coating of tapecrete left for 1 day
then another coating of tapecrete.
then protection plaster(1:4)to protect layer of tapecrete.
FEATURES
Primarily Portland cement- based materials
Positive and negative side applications Inflexible,
subject to cracking
Low cost
Mostly polymer modified
Thickness ranges from 1-2mm
It is basically a surface barrier and not actually a true
water proof membrane
It has no elasticity and tends to crack over a period of
time
Does not seal shrinkage cracks
It will crack as concrete develops shrinkage cracks
Not suitable for heavy traffic areas
Not suitable for exposure to chemicals
Suitable for concrete and masonry surfaces only

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - BASEMENT WATERPROOFING

SPRAY APPLICATION

APPLICATIONS ONTANK ROOF

ROLLER APPLICATION

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CRYSTALLINE CEMENTITIOUS WATERPROOFING

The waterproofing effect is based on two simple reactions, one chemical and one physical. Concrete is chemical in nature.
When a cement particle hydrates, the reaction between water and the cement causes the concrete to become a hard, solid
mass.
The reaction also generates chemical by-products such as calcium hydroxide, sulfates and carbonates of sodium potassium
and calcium as well as un-hydrated or partially hydrated cement particles all of which reside in the capillary tracts of the
concrete.
Crystalline waterproofing introduces another set of chemicals to the concrete. When these two chemical groups, the byproducts of cement hydration and the crystalline chemicals, are brought together in the presence of moisture, a chemical
reaction occurs. The end product of this reaction is a non-soluble crystalline formation.
This crystalline formation can only occur where moisture is present, thus it will only form in the pores, capillary tracts, and
shrinkage
cracks of the concrete. Wherever water goes, crystalline waterproofing
LIMITATIONS
USES will form filling the pores, voids and cracks.
Waterproofing of foundations, slabs and walls
construction joints
Water storage tanks in municipal & industrial waste water
expansion joints
Potable water tanks & facilities
larger, dynamic cracks
Elevator shafts
failing waterstops
Parking garages
areas of poor concrete consolidation
Basements
penetrations through concrete sections It will not waterproof Secondary containment structures
Swimming pools

CRYSTALLINE WATERPROOFING
REPELLING WATER

CRYSTALLINE WATERPROOFING

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - BASEMENT WATERPROOFING

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NAME - NEDA SHAKIL

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