The Sketch of

Indonesia
Medicine
Sugma AP,MD,MARS
sigmahealthconsult@gmail.com

Indonesia Characteristic

Contain of thousand island

that separated by the se

Access

Adequate Transportatio

Earthquake
Landslide
Supermarket of disasters
Tsunami

here are so many volcanoes

Many Forests

limate change extremely

Located on the meet

point of earths crust

Indonesia Characteristic

The 4th rank of the most popu

country in the world

The inhabitant doesnt spread eve

Various of socio-economical status

Contain of many ethnics, religions, cultures

vs

Indonesia Health Condition

The Shift of the pattern of disease from infectious to

degenerative disease:
Acute respiratory syndrome.
Tuberculoses of lungs (the 3rd rank in the world).
Skin disease.
Diarrhea.
Diabetes mellitus.
Hypertension.

Indonesia Health Condition

The major cause of death:
Vascular disturbance (heart disease or stroke)
Tuberculoses
Respiratory infectious disease (pneumonia),
etc.

Indonesia Health Condition

The Maternal mortality rate is 307 per
100,000Lb ()
The Infant mortality rate is 45 per 1,000Lb ()
The Under five mortality rate is 64 per 1,000Lb

Indonesia Health Condition

The Crude death rate 7.4 per 1,000p ()
The increase of life age expectancy 66.2ys ()
The malnutrition prevalence of under five
children is 25.8% ()

Indonesia Health Condition

The Incidence rate of Malaria is still high
especially at the provinces outside of Java and
Bali (the east of Indonesia)22.3 per 1,000p
The cure rate of lung TB with BTA+ 70.23%
with new case finding 76,230p.

Indonesia Health Condition

The HIV prevalence estimates >500,000p, AIDS
was reported as 5,321 cases in 2005 ()
The Incidence rate of DHF is about 62 per
100,000p () (2007)

National Health System

Ministry of Health

Health official at province level

Health official at district level

Functional unit
Secondary & Tertiary Healthcare
District level

Primary Healthcare
Subdistrict level

National Health System

The strategies are:
Empowering the citizens to live in a
healthy way and to give contribution
for their health improvement.
Increasing the people access to the
high quality health provider.
Upgrading the surveillance, monitoring
and health information system.
Increasing the health expense.

National Health System

Inhabitant
Health behavior
Environment
Resources
policy

Strategy
Missions
Health programs
Health provider with
quality improvement
and good management

Healthy
Indonesia
2015

Health Resources
Health worker
General Physician
Dentist
Specialist

8 : 100,000p
2 : 100,000p
3 : 100,000p

 Nurse
Pharmacist
Midwife
Public health
Sanitarian
Nutritionist

49 : 100,000p
3 : 100,000p
26 : 100,000p
1 : 100,000p
1 : 100,000p
3 : 100,000p

Health Educational Institution

We have the Faculty of Medicine in state and private

university.
The state Faculties of Medicine are mostly located at the
capitals of province.
The private are usually located nearby the state ones.
There are 45 state faculties of medicine that produced
about 5,000 doctors per year and specialist 1,700 per year.

We have 32 Health polytechnics and

598 health academy (state and
private) that produced about 23,000
nurses per year.
Theyre mostly located at big cities.

Research on Medicine
In 2004, Asia pacific had
contributed to 25% of total
scientific papers from all over
the world. ()
In ASEAN, Indonesia is at the
4th position and has contributed
5781 papers. It is under
Singapore position.
Japan is on the top position.

Research on Medicine
In 2004, 522 scientific papers of Indonesian
Researcher had been published.
Especially in Medicine, it contributed 50 papers to
National Journal and less than 5 to International
Journal.
Research on medical science expense is just 0.5%
from total Research and Development (Government)
expense.

Health Services
Based

on the kinds of service:

Primary healthcare.
Secondary healthcare.
Tertiary healthcare.

Based

on the owner status:

State provider.
Private provider.

Health Services
Primary Healthcare
Basic Seven

Health Promotion
Mother & Child Health
Program
Contraception

Communicable
disease controlling
Environmental
health
Nutrition
Treatment center
(curative)

Community Health Center

Health Services
Primary Healthcare
Extended Program
Methadone
Harm
reduction
Geriatric
Healthcare
VCT
Etc.

Community Health Center

PHC Program

We have 7,309 Community Health Centers

(Puskesmas) with ratio 3.46 per 100,000p (1 CHC
for 29,000p).
Basic seven program is a health program that is
provided by PHC.
The program is arranged based on community
health needs and its convinced to be able to
elevate the health status of Indonesian people.

PHC Program
Extended

program is a program that

is arranged based on local health
needs. For example: In Jakarta, the
CHC has developed VCT clinic for
HIV/AIDS patients and methadone or
harm reduction program for the drug
users.

Health Promotion

t ud
s
r
o
f
n
o
i
t
forma
n
i
f
o
n
o
i
t
Dissemina

Leaflets and brochures

Commun

ity elucid
ati

on

Community elucidation

Specific Protection

Under five children

immunization
BCG
Polio
DPT
Hepatitis B
Measles

Preventive and Curative

Laboratory

us Toxin for Pregnancy woman

Treatment

Communicable Disease
Controlling
3M+ Action, epidemiological investigation
and fogging focus for DHF vector
eradication.

Mother & Child Healthcare

Under five children:
n
o
i
t
a
z
i
n
immu
Weight monitoring

Nutrition
improveImplant contracepti
ment

Posyandu (Integrated service

center)
Empowering local inhabitants for
participating health activities of PHC

Mobile CHC

Car
Boat

Mobile CHC

Health workers come to local resid

to provide the health services

Health Services
Secondary & Tertiary Healthcare

It focuses on curative and rehabilitative

health services.
The preventive service is provided by the
form of medical check up.
Hospital is the form of secondary and
tertiary healthcare.
In secondary level, the hospital has at
least 4 major of specializations (internist,
surgery, pediatric, obstetric).

Hospital

Secondary & Tertiary Healthcare

In tertiary level, besides the condition
at secondary level, the hospital should
be supported by sub-specialization
experts.
There are three classes of the hospital
in Indonesia at general (A, B, C).
We have 1,215 hospitals (state and
private) which is used by people as
78.99% for inpatient and 7.41% for
outpatient.

International Hospital

Facilities

4-Dimension USG
64-slices CT-scan
MRI
PET-scan

Services

Support

Specialized Hospital
Heart Center Hospital
Surgery Hospital
Woman and Children Hospital

Cryosurgery
Cephal-cephalopagus separation surgery
Facelift surgery

Specialized Hospital
Eye Center Hospital
Mental Health Hospital
Dental Care Hospital

asic technology

Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear medicine is used for diagnostic,
therapeutic, and research purpose.
This field develops fast and uses for
many purposes in community.
Nowadays, almost all of big cities in Java
island have at least one hospital
equipped by nuclear medicine unit.