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Overview of Chapter 10
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City as an Ecosystem
Urbanization
Urbanization Trends
o
Chicago, Illinois
When Chicago built its first steel high-rise in 1885, it was not the tallest
structure in the world but the first example of a new form of engineering that
would change nearly every city on earth. Chicago has 19 buildings over 200 metres
tall (three of which are among the top 20 tallest buildings in the world, including
the tallest in North America).
Shanghai, China
China's biggest and most advanced city, Shanghai was said to be the most
cosmopolitan city in the beginning of the 20th century, but lost its glory during
the Mao era. It is now quickly regaining its position as one of the biggest
economic powerhouses in the world as well as a showcase of modern
architecture. In Shanghai youll find 25 structures that are over 200 metres tall,
one of which is the insanely tall, the 468m downtown Oriental Pearl TV
Tower.
Palm Islands,
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Burj, Dubai
Worlds Tallest Human Structure
Urbanization Trends
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Urban Agglomeration
United States
Urban
Agglomerations
(Population of
50,000 or above)
Substandard Housing
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Typically occupied
by squatters
No city services
o
o
Illegally occupy
unsafe housing
Water, sewage,
garbage collection,
police and fire
protection
Brownfields
Fragment wildlife
Encroach wetlands, forests, desert, etc.
Urban areas of abandoned industrial or
residential sites that may be contaminated
from past use
Long commutes
o
o
Noise pollution
Urban heat island
Environmental Benefits of
Urbanization
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Reduces pollution
Preserves rural areas
Compact Development
o
o
Commercial
Residential
Industrial
Transportation
availability
affects citys
spatial
structure
Ex: An east
coast US city
(a) 1700-1850
(b) 1850-1910
(c) 20th century
Suburban Sprawl
o
Suburban Sprawl
Problems
Copenhagen, Denmark
A People-centered City
Sustainable Cities
Case in Point- Curitiba, Brazil