PRESENTATION ON

FLUORESCENCE

DONE BY:
SUMAN CHHETRI

CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
HOW

FLUORESCENCE WORKS

HOW

FLUORESCENCE CAN BE SEEN

JABLONSKI

DIAGRAM

DIFFERENCES

BETWEEN PHOSPHORESCENCE
AND FLUORESCENCE

LUMINESCENCE
BIOFLUORESCENCE
BIOLUMINESCENCE
NATURALLY

FLUORESCENT MOLECULES

APPLICATIONS

What is fluorescence?
Fluorescenceisthepropertyofemittingelectromagnetic
radiationintheformoflightastheresultof(andonly
during)theabsorptionoflightfromanothersource.
Importantcharacteristicsoffluorescence:
1.Itistheresultoftheabsorptionoflight.
2.Itoccursduringabsorptiononly.
3.Itinvolvestheemissionoflight.
4.Anoutsidesourceofenergyisrequired.

Energetic Transitions of Electrons

During Fluorescence

Lifetimeofelectronsinexcitedstateisshort:1013
(absorption)and109s(emission).

HOW FLUORESCENCE WORKS

Dual nature of light.

Photon(packet of energy)comes into contact with an electron.

Thereby the electron absorb energy and jumps into a higher
energy level.

But it stay there for some period and come back to lower energy
level with release of energy.

If its a photon in uv region striking an atom, and if the atom

emits a visible photon in return, the material is UV sensitive. This
is the glow effect associated with black light.

HOW FLUORESCENCE CAN BE SEEN

Jablonski Energy Diagram

S2, S1 = Singlet States
T1 = Triplet State

Numerous vibrational energy levels for each electronic state

Resonance Radiation - reemission at same

usually reemission at higher (lower energy)
Forbidden transition: no direct excitation of triplet state
because change in multiplicity selection rules.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHOSPHORESCENCE

AND FLUORESCENCE

FLUORESCENCE

PHOSPHORESCENCE

Fluorescence stops as soon as we take

away the light source .

Phosphorescence tend to stay little

longer even after irradiating is
removed.

Fluorescence takes place when excited

energy is released and the molecule
comes back to ground state from the
singlet state.
The energy released in fluorescence is
higher.

Phosphorescence takes place when a

molecule is coming back to the ground
state from the triplet state.
The energy released in
phosphorescence is lesser than
fluorescence.

In fluorescence , the absorbed amount In phosphorescence, the released

of energy is released back.
amount of energy is lower than what is
absorbed.

LUMINESCENCE

Matter is luminescent if it gives off energy in the form of

light.

Chemiluminescence is light which results from a chemical

reaction

The light emitted in such reactions has differing degrees

of intensity and lifetime.

FLUORESCENCE IN NATURE

BIOFLUORESCENCE

It is absorption of electromagnetic wavelengths from the visible light

spectrum by fluorescent proteins in living organism and reemission of that
light at lower energy level.

The energized electrons returned to a stable state with release of excess

energy in the form of fluorescent light.

Jellyfish is the one of the example of Biofluorescence.

BIOLUMINESCENCE

It is the production and emission of light by a living organism.

It is different from biofluorescence is that it is natural

production of light by chemical reactions within an organism.

The chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves the light

emitting pigment and enzyme ,assisted by other proteins.

Naturally Fluorescent Molecules

Proteins:
Heme proteins (hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome C,
hemocyanin)
Redox & photo proteins (phytochromes, phycoerythrin,
phycocyanin, green fluorescent protein, phycobiliproteins,
rhodopsin, ferredoxins)

Pigments:
flavins, stilbenes, tryptophan, tyrosine, purines..
Minerals, metallic chelates

APPLICATIONS

Fluorescence is used in the fluorescent tubes used for light

purposes.

The presence of invisible ultraviolet rays can be detected

by their fluorescent effect.

Fluorescent proteins in corals may contribute to

photosynthesis by converting unusable wavelength of
light .

Fluorescence spectroscopy.

It is used in signage , forensics and optical brightener.