PRODUCT DESIGN

Product design and

development
Basic need of every manufacturing
company
Customers will always expect new
and better products
Not to innovate approach is risky

PRODUCT DESIGN
The process of creating a new product
to be sold by a business to its
customers by identifying their needs
and through the conversion of ideas
which meet those needs into reality.

Product development

Model based design process

Design process is risky and expensive

Most of the product ideas which go to
product development stage never reach the
market due to non availability of money,
technology, manpower or due to change in
demand.
Many products that do reach the market are
not successful mainly due to inferior quality,
high product cost, poor functionality, poor
marketing skills or change in demand.
Successful products tend to have a shorter
life due to change in demand, stiff
competition or rapid technological changes.

Design by evolution
evolve over long spans of time
This design circumstances rarely demand the analytical
capabilities of the designer
Eg: Evolution of crank operated bicycle to chain & sprocket
type

Disadvantages of evolutionary design are

(1) Unsuitability for mass production
(2) Difficulty in modification
Design by evolution is shaped by demands of time
Whereas design by invention uses sophisticated techniques like
Cad work station
(3) Inability to tap new technologies
Evolutionary design heavily relies small modifications In the
existing design

REQUIREMENTS(CONSIDERATIONS) OF A
GOOD PRODUCT DESIGN

A good product design should bring

Customer satisfaction
&
Adequate profit

Customer satisfaction
The product should function correctly
Should possess desired degree of
accuracy
Should have required standard of
reliability
Should be simple to operate
Should have easy accessibility for
servicing
Should with stand rough handling
Should have pleasant appearance
Should be of reasonable prize to compete
with others

Making adequate profit

It Should be easy to manufacture the
product with available resources
The use of standard component of
parts may lead to greater savings
Good product design will call for
minimum number of operations
A well designed part will be easy to pick
and distribute

Factors affecting product

design
The following factors should be
considered
A. Technical factors
1. operating conditions
kind of workers
Conditions of noise,vibrations
and
heat etc.

2. Performance
Accuracy
speed,feed etc.
Type of material used
3. Maintenance
how often maintenance and repair will be
required
whether planned or break down
(maintenance) policy
will be adopted

4. Company experience
Has the product been developed by
the company before?
Has the company experience to
design the product?

B) Industrial design factors

Function :
will the product function at minimum cost?
Appearance:
Does the product has a pleasing appearance?
Does it create esteem?
Ergonomics:
Is the product suitable for human use?
Does the product cause excessive fatigue to
workers

C) ECONOMIC factors
1.Materials
material specification- is the cheapest
material,consistent with technical
design requirements being used
Yield: Is the waste during production
being minimised?
Content: Is the minimum amount of
material being used in making each
component part?

2.Methods
Equipment: For the production quantity ,can
the most productive equipment be
employed?
Layout: Does the product design make best
use of factory lay out?
Labour: can the product be manufactured
with available labour?
Tolerance: Does the product design allow
maximum possible tolerance?
Tooling: Does the product design permit the
use of existing otherwise simple,economical
tooling?

3. Standards:
Is the design simple?
Does it keep types and varieties of parts
to a minimum?
Does the design make use of standard
parts?
4. Finish
Include painting,polishing,electroplating
etc.
Is the right finish being used consistent
with cost,endurance and appearance
requirements

MORPHOLOGY OF DESIGN
It is the Description of design process
Seven phased process Explained by
Morris Asimow
PHASE 1 Conceptual Design

Design is initiated
Carried to the point of creating a
number
of possible solutions
Narrowing down to a single best
concept
It is sometimes called feasibility study

 Activities involved
Identifi cation of customer needs
Understand the customers needs and
to communicate them to the design
team.
Problem definition
creates a statement that describes
what has to be accomplished to
satisfy the needs of the customer
Analysis of competitive products, the
establishment of target specifications,
listing of constraints etc.

A detailed listing of the product

requirements is called a product
design specification (PDS)

Gathering information
-- Internet
Patents
Trade
literature

Conceptualisation
creating a broad set of concepts that
potentially satisfy the problem statement
Concept selection
Evaluation of the design concepts,
modifying and evolving into a single
preferred concept
The process usually requires several
iterations

Refinement of PDS
The product design specification is revised
after the concept has been selected.
Design Review
The design review will assure that the
design is physically realizable and that it is
economically worthwhile
To minimize product cycle time and to
identify the resources in people, equipment,
and money needed to complete the project.

Phase 2.Embodiment
Design
This design phase is sometimes called
preliminary design.
Structured development of the design concept
occurs in this engineering design phase
An embodiment of all the main functions that
must be performed by the product must be
undertaken.
Decisions are made on strength, material
selection,size, shape, and spatial
compatibility

 concerned with three major tasks

product architecture, configuration
design, and parametric design.
Product architecture
Concerned with dividing the overall
design system into subsystems or
modules
Decide how the physical components
of the design are to be arranged and
combined to carry out the functional
duties of the design.

Confi guration design of parts and components

Parts are made up of features like holes, ribs,
splines, and curves.
Configuring a part means to determine what
features will be present and how those features are
to be arranged in space relative
to each other
modeling and simulation may be performed in this
stage to check out function and spatial constraints
Specificity of materials and manufacturing
methods

Generation of physical model by rapid

prototyping
Parametric design
starts with information on the configuration of
the part and aims to establish its exact dimensions
and tolerances
Final decisions on the material and manufacturing
processes are also established
An important aspect of parametric design is
to examine the part, assembly, and system for design
robustness