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Safety Rules

Eye protection MUST be worn at all


times in the machine shop.
Be careful when handling tools and
sharp edged workpieces to avoid getting
cut.
Keep loose clothing secured properly.
Use a brush to remove chips from a
machine. Don't use your hands.
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Avoid scuffling or horseplay.


Wear a short sleeved shirt or roll
up long sleeves above the elbow.
Cutting tools should be securely
fastened in the machine spindle to
prevent any movement during the
cutting operation.

START UP

Machine Startup procedures will depend on the


particular machine
being used.
Usually there is a main power switch or circuit
breaker.
Some machines also require air pressure or
hydraulics.
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HOME POSITION

Most CNCs have a Machine Home Position which


allows the control and the machine to have a preset
zero position for all axes. After startup, the machine
must be sent to this location before work can begin.
This position will later be changed to a more
appropriate location for machining a particular part.
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PART
SETUP
Setup of
the raw
stock inCONSIDERATIONS
the holding device requires
tooling, such as parallels or clamps to position the
blank stock accurately. Care must always be taken to
position the stock as level and firmly held as possible
to produce a rigid setup which will reduce chatter,
increase operator safety, and produce higher quality
parts. Accuracy of the finished part will rely partially on
the accuracy of the setup, including parallelism of the
vise, fixtures or jigs, and origin setting and tool length
offset(TLO) procedures.
Proper procedures must also be followed throughout
the production run. Machine maintenance, coolant and
oil levels and the sharpness of tools must be
continually monitored.

SETTING UP A PART ORIGIN

Setting up a part origin on a CNC machine is basically


the same as on a conventional machine. It involves
positioning the axes to a point where the blueprints or
programmer designate as the origin. Many ways are
used to locate this position on the blank stock, fixture
or reference point, including: edge finders, wigglers,
and magnifying glasses.
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TOOL LENGTH OFFSET

The Tool Length Offset value is the distance from the tip
of the tool with the spindle in the home position, to the
Z0 plane. TLOs must be set for each tool used in the
current job. They can be set using a height gage,
reference tool, fixture location, or on the stock to be
machined. Once the values are determined, they are
stored in the controller for use during program
operation.
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PROGRAM LOADING

Program loading is different for each machine. Some


machines have built in tape readers to input the
program into the CNC's memory. Other machines may
have internal or external floppy devices or be
connected to networks. In some, the program has to be
loaded from the computer memory to the machine
memory
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TOOL CHANGE PROCEDURE

Some machines require the operator to change tools


manually between machining operations. After a
machining operation is complete, the program will
move the axes to the tool change position and display
the next tool needed. The operator will remove the
current tool and replace it with the next tool. Most
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newer machines offer or come standard with

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