RESEARCH METHOD IN

EDUCATION
GRU 6014
DR NORSHILAWATI ABDUL
RAZAK
SPORT PSYCOPHYSIOLOGY

ASSESSMENT
COURSE WORK
-

60%

Research proposal
30%
Meta Analisis
10%
Kerangka konsep kajian 10%
SPSS (Analisis Data) (Indv) 10%

FINAL EXAM

40%

Isi Kandungan
Disertasi

WHAT IS RESEARCH?

WHY IS RESEARCH
IMPORTANT?

RESEARCH IS IMPORTANT FOR

THREE REASONS:
Research add to our knowledge
Research improve practice
Research informs policy debates
(Creswell 2008)

RESEARCH IS IMPORTANT FOR

THREE REASONS:
The essence of a profession
(knowledge)
The knowledge pipeline
Search for truth
(Baumgartner & Hensley 2006)

WHAT IS RESEARCH?

Research is a process of steps used to collect

and analyze information to increase our
understanding of a topic or issues.
Research consists 3 steps:
1. Pose a Q
2. Collect data to answer the Q
3. Present an answer to the Q
.Research is an ORGANIZED and SYSTEMATIC
way of FINDING

RESEARCH : SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Conceptualization Of The Research Cycle

New
Questions
Arise

Results
interpret
ed

Question
identifie
d

Hypothesis
Formed

Data
Collected

Research
Plan

Ways of knowing

Ways of knowing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Sensory experience
Agreement with others
Expert opinion
Logic
The scientific method
(Fraenkel, Wallen & Hyun 2012)

The nature of research

5 key characteristics:
Systematic
Logical
Empirical
Reductive
Replicable

Types of Research
1. Quantitative research
True experiment
Quasi-exp
Ex post-facto Causal-comparative
research
Correlation research
Survey research

Types of Research
2. Qualitative research

Ethnography
Case studies
Historical research
Narrative inquiry
Phenomenological studies

Comparison of quantitative and

qualitative research
Quantitative
Purpose

To study relationships, cause and effect

Design

Developed prior to study

Approach

Deductive; Test theory

Tools

Uses preselected instruments

Sample

Uses large samples

Analysis

Statistical analysis of numeric data

Comparison of quantitative and

qualitative research
Qualitative
Purpose

To examine a phenomenon as it is, in rich detail

Design

Flexible, evolves during study

Approach
Tools
Sample

Inductive: may generate theory

The researchers is a primary data collection tools
Uses small samples
Narrative description and interpretation

Analysis

Research Topics

WHAT ARE THE

STEPS IN
CONDUCTING
RESEARCH?

Scientific method
Identify a problem that define the goal
of research
Make a prediction that, if confirmed,
resolves the problem
Gather data relevant to this prediction
Analyze and interpret the data to see if
it supports the prediction and resolves
the question that initiated the research
(Leedy & Ormrod, 2001)

THE PROCESS OF
CONDUCTING RESEARCH

Steps in research process

1. Indentifying a research problem
2. Reviewing the literature
3. Specifying a purpose for research
4. Collecting data
5. Analyzing and interpreting the
data
6. Reporting and evaluating research
(Creswell 2008)

CRESWELL 2008

Day (1983)
Thesis/Dissertation/research report:
1. What was the problem = your answer is
the introduction
2. How did you study the problem =your
answer is the materials and methods
3. What did you find = your answer is the
results
4. What do these findings mean? Your
answer is the discussion