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Management
N.Gopal
Deputy General Manager/MOF
CAB Pune
RBI CAB Pune
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1980s
The world and the way of banking changed
American banking history witnessed several credit
induced bank disasters
E.g. Continental, Sea First and Texan Banks
1990s Credit freeze due to East Asian Crisis
2000 GTBs credit induced problems
Lessons
The common triggers of crisis Aggressive and
unplanned lending
Credit concentration failure to diversify,
Risky practices, inadequate monitoring
Result
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First
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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Theory
up Risk Appetite
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Choose Credit
Culture
Strategies
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CULTURE
Values Driven
(Conservative, Prudent)
Earnings Driven
(Regardless of risk)
Volume Driven
/Aggressive
No clear priorities
Unfocussed
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Credit
expansion
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No
Loan
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Conclusions
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Lending
elements
Collaterals-availability, acceptability
Security- legal issues,
Valuation
Delivery Loan or an advance
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Identify
macro economic trends,
regulatory stance
banks own experience
core competencies
Retail for instance became a focus area for banks
after the interest rate deregulation and the slow
down in corporate borrowings
SMEs, Agriculture and Micro Finance are today
perceived to be major business opportunities
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Each
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Prudential limits
limiting magnitude of credit risk
Dispersion of credit risk- prevents concentration
DeterminantsCredit culture
Risk appetite
Regulatory dictates
Prevailing Industry and Economic Conditions
Loan policy should articulate the rationale behind the
limits, for better appreciation and understanding
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Financial Limits
Substantial
Exposure
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Maximum limit
Aggregate limit
Industry wise
Sector specific
Individual
Corporate
Partnership
Proprietorship
Aggregate linked to
capital funds
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Financial
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Tool
Policy should provide for rating of all loan accountsvery little exceptions
The rating should consist of 8-9 parameters (minimum)
Policy to specify minimum entry rating i.e. Hurdle Rate
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It
Schematic
Lending
Directed credit flow to certain sectors
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Returns
from
retail/schematic
lending
commensurate with risks?
Schemes to match customer expectations?
Standard of Due Diligence and KYC?
Outsourcing risks adequately addressed?
Delinquencies
under control in specific
product categories?
What is the growth in terms of size, earnings
and quality?
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Take
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Profitability,
Customer Friendliness/service,
Compliance
Capital Conversation
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Area
Every
Deviations/
needs
Extent
Within
seen
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Credit
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mitigant
Does the policy provide for dissemination of
knowledge on credit?
Is the policy in itself, - Comprehensive,
Articulate, accurate and
User friendly?
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