MICROFILAMENT ACTIN

minus

Microfilament
(thin filament)
structure

G-actin
monomer
ATP

--- 7-8nm

Quic kTime and a TIFF (Unc ompressed) dec ompressor are needed to see this pic ture.

25nm

plus

MIKROFILAMEN
diameter 60 angstrom
consist of actin protein
molecule.

Actin Filaments
Thinner,

shorter and more flexible than

microtubules
Contains G-actin, and F-actin
Actin- most abundant intracellular
protein in most Eukaryotic cells
Comprises 10% by weight of total cell
protein in muscle cells, 1-5% in nonmuscle cells
4

G-actin and F-actin

G-actin: exists as a globular monomer

F-actin: is a helical filamentous polymer of Gactin subunits all oriented in the same
direction
Microfilaments in a cell are constantly
shrinking or growing in length
Bundles and meshworks of microfilaments
are forming and dissolving continuously

AKTIN
Aktin merupakan protein
globular, dalam bentuk
monomer disebut aktin G, yang
dapat dirakit menjadi filamen
rangkap yang disebut aktin F
Aktin mudah terurai menjadi
monomer-monomernya dan
terakit kembali menjadi
mikrofilamen
Aktin terlibat dalam prosesproses yang terjadi dalam sel
(sitokinesis, aliran plasma,
gerakan sel, gerakan mikrovili
intestinal, dsb)

Aktin F

Aktin G

Dynamics of Actin Assembly

Nucleation- G-actin clumps into short,

unstable oligomers, 3-4 subunits long, and

acts as a stable nucleus, proteins include
the Arp2/3 complex (actin nucleator)
For binding nucleator: tandem-monomerbinding nucleators.
Elongation

phase- increases in length

by the addition of actin monomers to (+)

end by protein formin

Dynamics of Actin Assembly

Steady-State

The ends of actin filaments are in a steady

state with monomeric G-actin.
After their incorporation into a filament,
subunits slowly hydrolyze ATP and become
stable F-actin.
Protein profilin, which catalyzes ADP to ATP
exchange and ADF/cofilin, which mediates
filament disassembly

Nucleation, Elongation, and the Steady-State

Figure 18-11
Copyright (c) by W. H. Freeman and Company

FILAMEN AKTIN
Dijumpai sebagai jaringjaring trimatra yang kaku,
karena filamen aktin
sangat terikat dengan
protein pengikat silang
(cros linking).
Protein pengikat silang
yang banyak terdapat di
dalam sel yaitu filamin,
yaitu suatu molekul
panjang dan lentur terdiri
dari dua rantai polipeptida
kembar

 All subunits in an actin filament point toward

the same direction of the filament
Exhibits polarity-actin subunit exposed to the
surrounding solution is the (-) end
The cleft that has contact with the neighboring
actin subunit that is not exposed is the (+) end
Actin filaments grow faster at the (+) end than the
(-) end

F-actin has structural and functional

polarity

Actin Filaments participate in a

variety
of
cell
functions:

Anchorage and movement of

membrane proteins

filaments are distributed in 3-dimensional

networks throughout the cell
used as anchors with in specialized cell
junctions

16

Actin Filaments participate in a

variety of cell functions:
Formation

of the structural core of

microvilli

On epithelial cells, help maintain shape of

the cell surface

MIKROVILI
Adalah
tonjolan-tonjolan
berbentuk jari yang terdapat di
permukaan sel, terutama sel
hewan
o Panjangnya
sekitar
satu
mikrometer,
dan
garis
tengahnya 80 nanometer
o Bagian tengah mikrivili berisi
seberkas filamen-filamen aktin
yang tersusun sejajar satu
terhadap yang lain, dengan
ujung positifnya mengarah ke
permukaan sel
o Filamen-filamen
tersebut
dihubungkan satu dengan yang
lain
oleh
protein-protein
pengikat yaitu fimbrin, vilin,
dan kompleks calmodulin.
o

Actin Filaments participate in a

variety of cell functions:
Locomotion

of the cells

Achieved by the force exerted by actin

filaments by polymerization at their growing
ends
Used in many migrating cells, particularly
on transformed cells of invasive tumors
Cells extend processes from their surface
by pushing the plasma membrane ahead
of the growing actin filaments