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NAMA KELOMPOK :
FAJAR TRI UTOMO
FARAH NASYA
RYAN TRI WIBOWO
RISMA
SUHENDRA
KELAS :
1 sIPIL 2 SORE

ANGLES AND SHAPE

ANGLES

AS THE ANGLE INCREASES, THE

NAME CHANGES
Type of
Angle
Acute An
gle
Right An
gle
Obtuse A
ngle
Straight
Angle
Reflex A
ngle

Description
an angle that is less than
90
an angle that is 90
exactly
an angle that is greater
than 90 but less than
180
an angle that is 180
exactly
an angle that is greater
than 180

Parts of an Angle
The corner point of an angle is called the
vertex
And the two straight sides are called arms
The angle is the amount of turn between
each arm.

TYPES OF ANGLES

1. Supplementary Angles
Two Angles are Supplementary if they add up to 180 degre
These two angles (140 and 40) are
Supplementary Angles, because they
add up to 180.
Notice that together they make a
straight angle.

But the angles don't have to be

together.
These two are supplementary
because 60 + 120 = 180

2.Complementary Angles
Two Angles are
Complementary if they add
up to 90 degrees (a Right
Angle).

These two angles (40 and 50) are

Complementary Angles, because
they add up to 90.
Notice that together they make a
right angle.

But the angles don't have to

be together.
These two are complementary
because 27 + 63 = 90

Right Angled Triangle

In a right angled triangle, the two
acute angles are complementary,
because in a triangle
the three angles add to 180, and 90
have been taken by the right angle.

3. Angles Around a
Point
Angles around a point will always
add up to 360 degrees.

The angles above all add to

360
53+80 + 140+87=
360

Because of this, we can find

an unknown angle.

Example: What is angle "c"?

To find angle cwe take the sum of
the known angles and take that from
360
Sum of known angles =
110+75+50 +63
Sum of known angles = 298
Angle c= 360298
Angle c= 62

4. Angles On One Side of

A Straight Line
Angles on one side of a straight
line will always add to 180
degrees
This method can be used for
several angles on one side of a
straight line.
Example: What is angle "b" ?
Angle b is simply 180 less
the sum of the other angles.
Sum of known angles =
45+39+24
Sum of known angles =
108
Angle b= 180 108
Angle b= 72

SHAPE :
1. PLANE SHAPE
2. SOLID SHAPE

Plane Geometry is about flat shapes

like lines, circles and triangles ...
shapes that can be drawn on a piece
of paper

1. Triangles
A triangle has three sides and
three angles
The three angles always add to
180

Equilateral, Isosceles and Scalene

There are three special names given to
triangles that tell how many sides (or
angles) are equal.
There can be 3, 2 or no equal
Equilateral Triangle
sides/angles:
Three equal sides
Three equal angles,
always 60
Isosceles Triangle
Two equal sides
Two equal angles
Scalene Triangle
No equal sides
No equal angles

What Type of Angle?

Triangles can also have names that
tell you what type of angle is
inside:
Acute Triangle
All angles are less than
90
Right Triangle
Has a right angle (90)
Obtuse Triangle
Has an angle more than
90

Combining the Names

Sometimes a triangle will have
two names, for example:
Right Isosceles
Triangle
Has a right angle
(90), and also two
equal angles
Can you guess
what the equal
angles are?

Area

The area is half of the base times

height.
"b" is the distance along the base
"h" is the height (measured at right
angles to the base)
Area = bh

Example: What is the area of this triangle?

Height = h = 12
Base = b = 20
Area = bh/2 = 20 12 / 2
= 120

2. circle

Definition
In fact the definition of a circle is:
et of all points on a plane that are a fixed distance from a cen

Radius and Diameter

The Radius is the distance from the center to the edge.
The Diameter starts at one side of the circle, goes through the
center and ends on the other side.
So the Diameter is twice the Radius:
Diameter = 2 Radius

Circumference
The Circumference is the distance around the edge of the circle.
It is exactly Pi (the symbol is ) times the Diameter, so:
Circumference = Diameter
And so these are also true:
Circumference = 2 Radius
Circumference / Diameter =

3. Polygon

Is it a Polygon?
Polygons are 2-dimensional shapes. They are made of
straight lines, and the shape is "closed" (all the lines
connect up).

Polygon
(straight sides)

Not a Polygon
(has a curve)

Not a Polygon
(open, not closed)

Types of Polygons
Simple or Complex
A simple polygon has only one boundary, and it
doesn't cross over itself. A complex polygon intersects
itself!

Simple Polygon
(this one's a Pentagon)

Complex Polygon
(also a Pentagon)

Regular or Irregular
If all angles are equal and all sides are equal, then it is
regular, otherwise it is irregular

Regular

Irregular

More Examples

Complex Polygon
(a "star polygon",
in
Concave Octagon Irregular Hexagon
this case, a
pentagram)

ames of Polygons
Name
Triangle (or
Trigon)
Quadrilateral (or
Tetragon)
Pentagon
Hexagon
Heptagon (or
Septagon)
Octagon
Nonagon (or
Enneagon)
Decagon
Hendecagon (or
Undecagon)
Dodecagon

Sides

If it is a Regular Polygon...
Shape
Interior Angle

60

90

5
6

108
120

128.571

135

140

10

144

11

147.273

12

150

Solid Geometry is about three

dimensional objects like cubes,
prisms and pyramids

POLYHEDRON

Polyhedrons
A polyhedron is a solid with flat faces (from
Greek poly- meaning "many" and -edron
meaning "face").
Each face is a polygon (a flat shape with
straight sides).
So, to be a polyhedron there should be no
curved surfaces.
Examples of
Polyhedra:

Triangular
Prism

Cube

Dodecahedro
n

Cube (Hexahedron) Facts

Notice these interesting things:
It has 6 Faces
Each face has 4 edges, and is actually a square
It has 12 Edges
It has 8 Vertices (corner points)
and at each vertex 3 edges meet
And for reference:
Surface Area = 6 (Edge Length)2
Volume = (Edge Length)3

Counting Faces, Vertices and Edges

If you count the number of faces (the flat
surfaces), vertices (corner points), and edges of
a polyhedron, you can discover an interesting
thing:
The number of faces plus the number of
vertices minus the number of edges equals
2
This can be written neatly as a little equation:
F+V-E=2
It is known as the "Polyhedral Formula", and is
very useful to make sure you have counted
correctly!
Let's try some examples:

Let's try some examples:

This cube
has:
6 Faces
8 Vertices
(corner
points)
12 Edges
F + V - E = 6+8-12 = 2

This prism
has:
5 Faces
6 Vertices
(corner
points)
9 Edges
F + V - E = 5+6-9 = 2

NON POLYHEDRON

1. Cylinder
Cylinder Facts
Notice these interesting things:
It has a flat base and a flat top
The base is the same as the top, and
also in-between
It has one curved side
Because it has a curved surface it is
not a polyhedron.
And for reference:
Surface Area = 2 r (r+h)
Surface Area of One End =
r2
Surface Area of Side = 2 r
h
Volume = r2 h

Cylinder

Volume of a Cylinder
Just multiply the area of the circle by the height
of the cylinder:
Area of the circle: r2
Height: h
Volume = Area Height = r2 h

2.Sphere
Sphere FactsNotice these interesting things:It is
perfectly symmetricalIt has no edges or vertices
(corners)It is not a polyhedronAll points on the surface
are the same distance from the center

or reference:Surface Area = 4 r2Volume = (4/3)

3. Cone
Cone Facts
Notice these interesting things:
It has a flat base
It has one curved side
Because it has a curved surface it is not a polyhedron.

And for reference:
Surface Area of Base = r2
Surface Area of Side = r s
o
Surface Area of Side = r (r2+h2)
r

Volume = r2 (h/3)

4. Torus
Torus Facts
Notice these interesting things:

It can be made by revolving a small circle along a

line made by another circle.

It has no edges or vertices

It is not a polyhedron

And for reference:

Surface Area = 4 2 R r

Volume = 2 2 R r2

Note: Area and volume formulas only work when

the torus has a hole!