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INTRODUCTION
In situations where the soil at shallow
depth is poor. In order to transmit the load
safely , the depth of foundation has to be
increased till a suitable soil stratum is
reached.
The manner in which soil resists stresses
from shallow and deep foundation is
different.
Types of Piles;
Material of construction,
Cross section
Brinch Hansens method for calculating ultimate lateral resistance of short piles
(a) Soil reactions (b) Shearing force diagram (c) Bending moment diagram.