Easy English

basics
By: Shaival Jha
Lecturer,
BCET

Ways to learn English

Traditional or School learning: Use Grammar,

syntax, logical thinking.

Observe & Practice: learn by observing and
practicing it.

Grammar basics: Things you must

know
1. Sentence and its types
2. Subject and Predicate
3. Parts of Speech
4. Tenses

Sentences
Words arranged in proper manner that

express speakers thoughts.

1. Statements or assertions; as, You are my
best friend.
2. Questions: How are you ?
3. Commands or requests : Stand up, Keep
quite.
4. Express strong feelings: Yes, we won! Or It is
very cold!
. 1-Assertive, 2- Interrogative, 3- Imperative,
4-exclamatory.

Subject and Predicate

UnderstandingSubject and Predicateis the

key to good sentence writing.

The subjectof a complete sentence is who or
what the sentence is about, and the
predicatetells about thatsubject.
The dog ran behind the cat. Here dog is
thesubjectof the sentence, because the
sentence is telling something about that dog.
For imperative sentences subject will be the
listener.

Parts of speech
Based on their usage, words are divided into different

kinds or classes, called Parts of Speech.

1. Noun- Name of any living or non living thing.
2. Adjective- adds to the meaning of a noun;
3. Pronoun- alternative to any noun.
4. Articles- point out or refer to nouns (a/an, the)
5. Verb- action or state (condition) related to subject
6. Adverb- adds to the meaning of verb.
7. Preposition- describes a relationship between
subject and other words.
8. Conjunction- Joins 2 words or sentences.
9. Interjection or exclamation- sudden reaction

Nouns:
1. Proper nouns: ex.Sachin Tendulkar, Durg,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Pug
Common nouns: ex. man, city, dog
Collective Noun: group, crowd, class.
Abstract Noun: qualities, action or state
Countable (singular & plural) & non
countable nouns
Gender Nouns (masculine, feminine,
common & neutral)

Adjectives
1. Adjectives of Quality: describes quality
2. Quantity adjectives: describes how much ?
3. Numeral Adjectives: count of noun.
.COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES: when

specialty of 2 or more nouns is to be

compared we express it by degree of
adjectives. Positive, Comparative and
superlative.
.Example: Sweet sweeter sweetest, Happy,
happier, happiest,
.Beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful
.Big bigger biggest, good, better, best and the
best.

Personal Pronouns
I, we, you, he, (she, it), they are called

Personal Pronouns. Used for 1st 2nd and 3rd

person.
Forms of personal pronouns:
Form

In hindi

1st person

2nd
3rd person
person

Nominative

Mai, Hum, Wo

I, We

You

He, they, It

Positive

Mera, hamara My, Mine,

tumhara, unka our

Your,
Yours

His her, their,

Its

Accusative

Mujhe, Hame,
Tumhe, Unko

You

Him, her,
Them, it

Me, Us

Practice
Look at the pictures.
Make a story or make your ideas about the

picture.
And write it in your own words.

Verbs: Action
Any action like be, laugh, cry, walk, sit, sing,

read etc that gives an idea about some event

is a verb.
It may be in past, present or future.
There are 3 main forms of a verb based on the
time of event. For example:
verb

Present

Past

Future

Sing

Sing

Sang

Will sing

look

look

looked

Will look

Types of verbs
Verbs may be divided into three types:
1. Actionverbs- show an action -- either

physical or mental
Examples:
Sunilcatchesthe ball. (catchesshows a
physical action)
Sunitaimaginesgreat things. (imaginesshows
a mental action)
Hariis wearinggood clothes. (is
wearingshows a physical action)

2.Verbs of being(forms ofbe) - show a state

of existence
Examples:
Rajuisstrange. (isshows a state of existence)
Aakashwillalwaysbemy friend. (will
beshows a state of existence)
Savitahas beenhere for a week. (has
beenshows a state of existence)
Mr. Daswasaway last week. (wasshows a state
of existence)

3. Linking verbs- link a subject with its

complement (Asubjective
complement"completes" / "equals" the
subject.)
Linking verbs: appear, taste, smell, feel, look,
sound, grow, seem, remain, become.
Examples:
Food tastes good. (food= good)
His idea sounds good to me.(idea= good)
Ram became a doctor. (Ram= doctor)

Simple, Continuous, Perfect &

Perfect Continuous
Read these sentences:
1. I love. (Simple Present)
2. I am loving. (Present Continuous)
3. I have loved. (Present Perfect)
4. I have been loving. (Present Perfect

Continuous)