Central Electronics

Limited
New Axle Counter
Generation
Single Section Digital Axle Counter
Presented By

G.Babu Rao,
Chief Manager - CEL
 Presented By :

•Amit Tibrewal
(M.R.Trading Co.)
 CEL
CEL is a public sector Enterprise under
the Department of Scientific and
industrial Research, Ministry of
Science & Technology, Govt. of India.
•CEL is presently the largest indigenous
manufacturer of Electronic Railway
Signalling Equipment.

•CEL is equipped and committed for the

development & manufacture of state of the
art Signalling systems for railways.
 Axle
Counters(Indigenous)
• Product History
Sno Type Year Track Circuit Application

1 Single Entry/Exit 1977 Single Section

2 Multi Entry/Exit 1985 Single Section/Point

Zones
3 Universal Axle 1994 -do-
Counter
4 Digital Axle 2003 Single Section
Counter
 More than 5000 Axle Counters of first three types are deployed in
various
locations of Indian Railways.
 CEL & RDSO have now designed & developed Digital Axle Counter
for single section.
 Advantages of Axle
Counters
• Monitors very long track sections
• Last vehicle check is done automatically
• No effect due to ballast resistance
• Insensitive to temperature variation
• Train detection on rusted, sanded & water
logged tracks
• Immune to traction return currents
Single Section Digital
Axle Counter
• Designed as per CENELEC* Standards of
highest Safety Integrity Level 4 (SIL-4).
• Micro controller based design
• First time developed indigenously by
CEL & RDSO.
• Import substitute.

CENELEC-Committee European de Normalisation Electro

technique
 SSDAC- Application

• Station Lines

• Yard Lines

• Block Section

• Intermediate Block Signalling

• Auto Sections

• Train actuated warning at LC gates

 SSDAC-Design
• Micro controller based design
• Decision based on 2 out of 2 logic for each SSDAC
unit
• Decision based on 4 out of 4 logic for complete
section
• Continuous monitoring of counts and health of
SSDAC units
• Fail safe operation
• Vital Relay output at both stations
 SSDAC -
Functions
• Generation of carrier signal for TX coils
• Demodulation of signal from RX coils
• Generation of valid pulses
• Count the pulses to compute the number of
passing wheels
• Exchange & Comparison of counts between two
SSDAC units
• Giving a Vital Relay output
• Error checking and display
 SSDAC-Block Diagram

TX1
PULSE 1
Rx1 SCC1 MLB 1 MODEM TO NEXT
SSDAC
RX1

AXLE
DETECTOR

TX2
VITAL
PULSE 2 RELAY
SCC2 SIGNAL
MLB 2 DRIVE RELAY 'Q'
RX2 (24V) TYPE

AXLE
DETECTOR

LEGEND

SCC 1 & 2 : SIGNAL CONDITIONER CARD

MLB 1 & 2 : MICROCONTROLLER LOGIC BLOCK
 SSDAC-Communication
• Communication between two SSDAC units is
in the form of data packets
• Data packet consists of
– Count change information
– Count update information
– Reset information if any
– Error information if any
• Transmission on Cable, OFC, Radio by
means of V.21 Modem (full duplex)
 SSDAC-Monitoring
• Display of error by means of LEDs
• Function wise LED’s in each card
• RS-232 port for on-line monitoring
• Event logger card (optional)
 SSDAC – Front View

ADJ ADJ 5V

Tx CLOCK 12V
2.2V DC MLB 1
2.2V DC 24V
STATUS STATUS Rx CLEAR
SIGNALS SIGNALS
0V DC 0V DC MODE CLOCK GND
MLB 2
CD CLEAR

RELAY
PULSE PULSE
DRIVE
OK OK +15V
LD OK LD OK OCCUPIED OCCUPIED ISO

OSC OK OSC OK CLEAR CLEAR

SCC - 1 SCC - 2 MLB1 MLB2 MODEM CARD RELAY CARD DC- DC

 ERRORS

•Various Kinds Of
Errors Are As
Follow:
 ERRORS
Error No 14- CARD PRESENCE TEST
The presence of each card is checked in the system. if all cards
are intact and present in the system this error will not appear. If
any card is removed or not inserted properly in the unit the error
no.14 is displayed.
Error no Action req.
The error No.14 is displayed as Insert all cards properly.
flashing if any card is removed or
not inserted properly.

Error No 15- RELAY TEST

During Power On Self Test (POST) the vital relay connected to
the system is checked. if the relay present this error will not
appear. If relay is not connected the error no.15 is displayed as
given below.

Error no Action Required

The error No.15 is displayed as Check the presence of relay. Check

flashing if the relay and the connection of relay .Make proper
connection are not proper. connection.
 ERRORS
Error No 30- LINK ERROR
The link error is detected when the link between two SSDAC
units is open. This is displayed as error no.30
Error no Action req.
The error No.30 is displayed when Check the communication link
link is open. between the units & rectify the
fault.

Error No 31- SEQUENCE ERROR

Software checks the pulse sequence when axle is detected on
the sensor.
Error no Action Required

The error No.31 is displayed Check the arrangement of the

when the sequence of pulses is detectors. Check card 1 & 2 and
not correct. replace if necessary.

Error No 32- SELF COUNT MISMATCH

Software checks count difference in the MLB after detection of
every axle passing the sensor.
 ERRORS
Error no
The error No.32 is displayed if
there is difference between the
counts of the MLB’s.
Action req.
Reset the system; if error persists
replace the MLB cards with the
spare cards for repairs.

Error No 33- INOUT ERROR

This error code will be displaced if software detects difference in
Axles entered in the section and exited from the section.
Error no Action req.
The error No.33 is displayed if the Check the arrangement of the
number of axles goining out of detectors. Adjust the Dip and apply
the section is more then the the reset to make the system
coming into the section. normal.

Error No 34- OUT BEFORE IN ERROR

This error appears when detector B is normal and giving dip for
train movement and detector A is not giving any dip.
Error no Action Required

The error No.34 is displayed Check the set of A detector.

when detector B is working and A Check the SCC1 card & replace if
is not working. found faulty
 ERRORS
Error No 35- NEGATIVE COUNT ERROR
This error will be displayed if a count registered in the system is
less at the entry end while train entering the section then counts
registered at the exit end while train is leaving out of section i.e.
counts into the section are less then the counts out of the
section.
Error no Action req.
The error No.35 is displayed with Check signals and dips at both
flashing LED’s when counts out of locations. Check DC Voltages and
the section are more then the LED’s in SCC 1 & 2 card and
counts in to the section. replace if necessary.

Error No 36- SHUNT ERROR

This error will displayed when train moving forward &
backwards (shunting) on axle detectors without proper
direction. The system checks and locks this as an error.
Error no Action Required

The error No.36 is displayed Stationmaster applies reset after

for improper shunting on axle section is verified as per SWR.
detectors. Movement of pilot train in the section
makes system clear.
 ERRORS
Error No 37- SUPERVISORY ERROR
Supervisory error is displayed when train moving forward &
backwards (Shunting) on axle detectors without proper direction.
The system checks and locks this as an error.
Error no Action req.
The error No.37 is displayed Check the Tx & Rx signal level of
when any of the axle detector the axle detectors. It should be as
signals becomes low. per the recorded readings. Check
the SCC 1&2 card DC voltages.
Adjust or replace if any of the
above is not OK.

Error No 38- SHUNT ERROR

This error will displayed when train moving forward &
backwards (shunting) on axle detectors without proper
direction. The system checks and locks this as an error.
Error no Action Required

The error No.38 is displayed Stationmaster applies reset after

for improper shunting on axle section is verified as per SWR.
detectors. Movement of pilot train in the section
makes system clear.
 ERRORS
Error No 40- COMMUNICATION ERROR
The communication error is displayed when communication
between two units is not proper i.e. packet information is
corrupted
Error no Action req.
The error No.40 is displayed when Stationmaster applies reset after
communication between two units section is verified as per SWR.
is improper. Movement of pilot train in the
section makes system clear.

Error No 50-RELAY REMOVED (PHYSICALLY OUTSIDE

FROM THE PLUG BOARD)
During Power On Self Test (POST) of the system the presence
of relay is checked. If relay is not present then, the error No.50
is displayed.

Error no Action Required

The error No.50 is displayed Check the presence of Vital relay in

when the relay is not present the relay box of the system & insert
during diagnostic. in the plug board.
 ERRORS
Error No 51- RELAY DROP FAILURE IN OCCUPIED STATE
During SECTION OCCUPIED of the system the presence of
back contact (Dropped) of the vital relay is checked. If it is found
open when section is occupied, the error No.51 is displayed.
Error no Action req.
The error No.51 is displayed if Check the back contacts (D5 &
back contacts of the relay are D6)of the vital relay used for read
open when the system is back in the system & rectify.
occupied.

Error No 52-RELAY PICKUP FAILURE IN UNOCCUPIED

STATE.
After balance of count from the train passed in the section, the
system goes to unoccupied state (clear). The relay driver card
drives the vital Relay ON, but relay fails to pickup then the error
No.52 is displayed.
Error no Action Required

The error No.52 is displayed if Check the pick up contacts of the

pickup contacts of the relay are vital relay and rectify or replace the
not made when the system is relay.
unoccupied (Clear) Condition
 ERRORS
Error No 53- RELAY DROP FAILURE IN OCCUPIED STATE
The system after detection of train in the section goes to
OCCUPIED state but vital relay fails to drop then the error No.53
is displayed.
Error no Action req.
The error No.53 is displayed if Check the back contacts of the
back contacts of the relay are relay & rectify or replace the
open when the system is relay.
occupied.

Error No 61-SECONDARY CPU ERROR

Both MLB’s will be working in tandem and are in agreement for
any decision. Suppose MLB1 card is to be in different state then
the MLB2 card or vice versa, the system will generate the error
no.61.
Error no Action Required

The error No.61 is generated if Replace the MLB card that is not
MLB1 detects that the adjacent giving error. The system is to be
MLB2 is in different state or viceresetted.
versa.
 ERRORS
Error No 62-SECONDARY CPU FAIL.
The error is generated if any of the CPU fails to respond as per
its adjacent CPU due to failure any components.

Error no Action req.

The error No.62 is generated in The MLB card is faulty. Replace
case the MLB card detects the the MLB card with the spare card.
adjacent MLB card is faulty.

Error No 70-CONFIGURATION ERROR DURING ‘POST’.

The error is generated if address of the units is found to be
different as per the factory setting both Entry and both Exit units
have been used in the section.

Error no Action Required

Error 70 is generated if the unit Check and install the Entry and Exit
address of any unit is changed units in the section.
or both units have the same
address.
 ERRORS
Error No73- CONFIGURATION ERROR DURING NORMAL
WORKING.
The error is detected when the address of unit is changed.

Error no Action req.

The error No.73 is generated The unit address is rectified to as
when, the unit address is per the factory setting. Reset is
disturbed/changed after applied.
commissioning.

Error No 80-REMOTE ERROR.

This error code will be displayed if any error is detected in the
remote unit.

Error no Action Required

Error 80 is displayed locally if The local unit is OK.

the remote unit is in error state. Check the errors in remote unit and
rectify.
 ERRORS
Error No73- CONFIGURATION ERROR DURING NORMAL
WORKING.
The error is detected when the address of unit is changed.

Error no Action req.

The error No.73 is generated The unit address is rectified to as
when, the unit address is per the factory setting. Reset is
disturbed/changed after applied.
commissioning.

Error No 80-REMOTE ERROR.

This error code will be displayed if any error is detected in the
remote unit.

Error no Action Required

Error 80 is displayed locally if The local unit is OK.

the remote unit is in error state. Check the errors in remote unit and
rectify.
 ERRORS
Error No7F- REMOTE RESET ERROR
The error is generated in the remote unit when resetted.

Error no Action req.

The error No.7F is generated in Apply reset in the local unit or else
local unit if the remote unit is apply reset in both side units.
resetted.

Error No 3F-SELF RESET ERROR

The error no 3F is generated in the local unit has been resetted.

Error no Action Required

Error no 3F is generated in the Remote unit is to be resetted or else

local unit when it is resetted both units are to be resetted.
and remote unit is not resetted.
STATION TO STATION BLOCK

STATION
A
 SSDAC - Status
• System has passed all the safety
tests.
• System software has been
independently verified and okayed.
• System has been approved by RDSO.
• System has been inducted in Indian
Railways (100 nos have already been
supplied)
 Initial Installations

S.No. Railway Section Qty. Installed Commissioned Remarks

Date Date
1 W.R. Limkheda – 03 Nos. 3.11.03 commissioned
Piplod Block
Section

2 N.R. Shaharanpur 01 No. 31.11.03 commissioned

Station (Line No.
06)

3 N..R. Ambala Station 04 Nos. 30.12.03

( Line Nos. 1, 2, commissioned

6 & 7)

4 S.E.R Chakradharpur 16 Nos. Started

(Total)  from Commissioned
January “04
 
Ckt old2
Circuit Diagram1
Ckt new 1
Ckt new 2
Cbl req1
Cbl req 2
Relay Status
Det.rly sts
Det.rly pos3
Det.rly pos2
 Conclusion
We are terminating our presentation and
thanking you all for attending the
seminar, hope it will be a good help for
you’ll in the maintenance of our system.