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ARGENTOMETRI
Precipitation Reactions
Precipitation is the formation of a solid in
a solution
solid formed is called the precipitate
A precipitation reaction occurs when
water solutions of two different ionic
compounds are mixed and an insoluble
solid separates out of solution.
Cl- solutionPrecipitating agent precipitate
Eg
KCl
KNO3
AgNO3
AgCl +
Solubility of precipitate
Solubility of a compound = concentrations
of a soluble species at equilibrium with its
insoluble form.
If the compound is sparingly soluble, it will
produce cation & anion.
Eg AgCl slightly dissolved in water. So AgCl
has a specific solubility, s = solid phase aq
= aqueous phase
AgCl (s)
Precipitation titration
Precipitation titration is a titration method
based on the formation of precipitate,
which is slightly soluble
Titration with precipitating agents is useful
for determining certain analytes, provided
the equilibrium will take place rapidly and
suitable means of detecting equivalent
points is available
Titration curve plot of the changes in
analyte concentration againts titrant
volumes.
Example 1
Calculate pCl for the titration of
100.0 ml 0.100 M NaCl with 0.100 M
AgNO3 for the addition of 0.0, 20.0,
99.0, 99.5, 100.0 and 110.0 ml
AgNO3. Ksp AgCl is 1.0 x10-10
solution
a) Addition of 0.0 ml Ag+
[Cl-] = 0.100 M
pCl = -log [Cl-]
= -log 0.100
=1
c) Addition of 99.0 ml Ag
Initial mmol Cl- = 100.0 ml x 0.100 M =
10.0 mmol
mmol added Ag+= 99.0 ml x 0.100 M =
9.9 mmol
mmol Cl- left
= 0.1
mmol
[Cl-] left =
0.1
= 5.01 x10-4 M
(100+99)ml
pCl = -log [Cl-]
= -log 5.01 x10-4
d) Addition of 100.0 ml
Initial mmol Cl- = 100.0 ml x 0.100 M =
10.0 mmol
mmol added Ag+= 100.0 ml x 0.100 M=
10.0 mmol
Equivalence point is reached. The solution contain
saturated AgCl solution
= 4.0 x
40
80
12
0
16
0
20
0
soal
Calculate the titration curve for the
titration of 50.0 mL of 0.0500 M NaCl
with 0.100 M AgNO3 as pCl versus V
AgNO3
CN + Ag+ AgCN
CN+ AgCN Ag(CN)2
1 mol CN ~ Graek
18
19
AR(s)
InR(new color)
BEBERAPA METODA
ARGENTOMETRI
A. Metode Mohr
Metode titrasi langsung
Suasana larutan netral atau agak
alkalis
Cocok untuk penetapan Cl
Indikator kalium kromat (K2CrO4)
Titik akhir titrasi : terjadi endapan
merah Ag2CrO4
KIMIA ANALISIS by Wahyu
21
Reaksi :
Cl + Ag+ AgCl putih
10-10
23
B. Metoda Volhard
Metoda titrasi tidak langsung
Suasana harus asam (pH < 3, 0,51,5 N Asam)
Pengasaman selalu digunakan
HNO3
Indikator ion Fe3+, titik akhir warna
merah
Reaksi
:
Titran
Br
+ Ag+1.AgNO
AgBr 3berlebih
putih
tertentu/ekses
(V1N1), titran 2.
+
24
25
C. Metoda Fajans
Metoda ini mirip pada metoda Mohr,
tetapi indikator yang digunakan berupa
indikator adsorbsi : eosin
26
AgCl ppt.
End-Point Detection
1.) Precipitation Titration
Fajans titration
- Uses an adsorption indicator
End-Point Detection
1.) Precipitation Titration
Fajans titration
Anionic dyes
- Maximize surface area higher binding stronger color change
- small particle size low concentration
- most use appropriate pH to maintain negative charge
D. Metoda Liebig
Titrasi langsung
Prinsip reaksi kompleks
Tanpa indikator, harus bebas NH3
Untuk penetapan kadar ion Sianida
Komentar :
Reaksi :
Ag+ + CN AgCN
AgCN + CN Ag(CN)2
Ag(CN)2 + Ag+ Ag[Ag(CN)2] Sebagai
titik akhir
Harus bebas NH3, sebab NH3 membentuk
29
kompleks dengan Ag+ Ag(NH3)2+
Steepest slope :
Inflection po int :
dy
dx
d2y
dx 2
Magnitude of concentration
change and ease of
identifying equivalence
point increases with Ksp
Titration of Mixtures
Endpoints are characterized by
inflection points where a curvature
changes sign.
In mixtures leading to two
precipitates, two inflection points are
observed.
The lowest Ksp solid finishes its reaction
by precipitating first. Thus the first
inflection point.
The more soluble solid precipitates last.
Titration of a Mixture
The less soluble product forms first
If there is sufficient difference in
solubility of products
First precipitation is nearly complete
before the second one begins
Separation by precipitation
Coprecipitation
Alters the expected endpoints
Titration of a Mixture
Example
Titrations
End-Point Detection
2.) Typical Applications
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