SUPERSONIC FLOW OVER

NACA4412
Sunil kumar Reddy(ME12B1003)
Haardik Garg(ME12B1018)

Indian Institute of Technology

Hyderabad

INTRODUCTION
An airfoil is the shape of a wing, blade(of a propeller, rotor or turbine)
or sail.
An airfoil-shaped body moved through a fluid produces
an aerodynamic force.
The component of this force perpendicular to the direction of motion
is called lift.
The component parallel to the direction of motion is called drag.

Geometry
The NACA airfoils are airfoil shapes for aircraft wings developed by
the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics(NACA).
The shape of the NACA airfoils is described using a series of digits
following the word "NACA".
The parameters in the numerical code can be entered into equations to
precisely generate the cross-section of the airfoil and calculate its
properties.

Blue-chord, green- camber

mean line

NACA 4412:

chamber is 0.04 or 4% of chord(first digit).

maximum chamber is at 0.4 or 40% of chord(second digit).
Thickness is 0.12 or 12% of the chord(last two digits).
NACA 4 digit airfoil calculation:

The NACA airfoil section is created from a camber line and a thickness
distribution plotted perpendicular to the camber line
The equations are:

P-maximum chamber position

The thickness distribution is given by the equation:

The position of the upper and lower surface can then be calculated perpendicular to the
camber line.

This is the shape of NACA 4412 obtained from points generated through the
equations

Analytical Equations[Linearized Supersonic Flow on

Airfoil Lift & Drag]

Geometry

Mesh

 Nodes-11772
Elements-11522

Analysis for different Mach numbers

Inputs
Analysis is done for different Mach numbers
Angle of attack 60
At sea level
Ambient pressure at outlet
Second order upwind scheme is used

Static Pressure for mach-0.8

Static Pressure for mach-1

Static Pressure for mach-1.2

Static Pressure for mach-2

Mach number

Minimum static pressure(gauge pressure)

(pa)

0.8

-5.56e4

-8.67e4

1.2

-1.25e5

-3.47e5

Velocity for mach-0.8

Velocity for mach-1

Velocity for mach-1.2

Velocity for mach-2

Mach number

Maximum velocity magnitude(m/s)

0.8

4.09e2

5.11e2

1.2

6.13e2

1.02e3

Analysis at different altitudes

Inputs
Analysis is done at different altitudes
Angle of attack 60
Mach number - 2
Second order upwind scheme is used

Static Pressure at sea level

Static Pressure at 4000m high

Static Pressure at 6000m high

Static Pressure at 8000m high

Static Pressure at 10000m high

Altitude(m)

Minimum static pressure(gauge pressure)

(pa)

-3.47e5

4000

-2.06e5

6000

-1.6e5

8000

-1.24e5

10000

-9.45e4

velocity at sea level

velocity at 4000m high

velocity at 6000m high

velocity at 8000m high

velocity at 10000m high

Altitude(m)

Maximum velocity magnitude(m/s)

1.02e3

4000

9.55e2

6000

9.31e2

8000

9.06e2

10000

8.81e2

Analysis for different angle of attack

Inputs
Analysis is done for different angle of attack
At sea level
Mach number - 2
Ambient pressure at outlet
Second order upwind scheme is used

Static Pressure at 20 angle of attack

Static Pressure at 40 angle of attack

Static Pressure at 60 angle of attack

Static Pressure at 100 angle of attack

Angle of attack(degree)

Minimum static pressure(gauge pressure)

(pa)

-2.64e5

-3.47e5

10

-4.78e5

20

-9.32e5

velocity at 20 angle of attack

velocity at 60 angle of attack

velocity at 100 angle of attack

velocity at 200 angle of attack

Angle of attack(degree)

Maximum velocity magnitude(m/s)

9.58e2

1.02e3

10

1.09e3

20

1.26e3

Lift Coefficient & Drag Coefficient

Lift coefficient vs angle of attack

Drag coefficient vs angle of attack

Analysis for different Mach numbers with

viscous effects
Inputs
Analysis is done for different Mach numbers
Angle of attack 60
At sea level
Ambient pressure at outlet
Second order upwind scheme is used
K- model is used

Static Pressure for mach-0.8

Static Pressure for mach-1

Static Pressure for mach-1.2

Static Pressure for mach-2

Mach number

Minimum static
pressure(gauge pressure)(pa)
with viscous effects

Minimum static
pressure(gauge pressure)(pa)
without viscous effects

0.8

-5.01e4

-5.56e4

-7.86e4

-8.67e4

1.2

-1.14e5

-1.25e5

-3.19e5

-3.47e5

Velocity for mach-0.8

Velocity for mach-1

Velocity for mach-1.2

Velocity for mach-2

Mach number

Maximum velocity
magnitude(m/s)
With viscous effects

Maximum velocity
magnitude(m/s)
Without viscous effects

0.8

3.81e2

4.09e2

4.77e2

5.11e2

1.2

5.73e2

6.13e2

9.58e2

1.02e3

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil
http://airfoiltools.com/airfoil/details?airfoil=naca4412-il
http://www.edforall.net/index.php/engineering-a-technology/aeronautical-engineerin
g/100-aerodynamics/1951-implications-of-linearized-supersonic-flow-on-airfoil-lift
-and-drag