Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Microcontrollers and its

Applications Training

By Demisew T. And Yeshitila H.

Outline of the Training

Lecture 1: Introduction (2hours)
Lecture 2: Programming Microcontrollers
(2hours)

Lecture 3: PIC16F877A
Microcontroller (3hours)
Lecture 4: Examples (At least 5
examples) and it may take 4 or 5 days
Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School
of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Introduction

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Introduction

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Dont forget basic logic gates. They are still important

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

SFRs: are registers whose function are predetermined by the manufacturer.
Their bits are connected (literally) to internal circuits of the microcontroller
such as timers, A/D converter, oscillators and others, which means that they
are directly in command of the operation of these circuits

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

One of important specifications of input/output (I/O) pins is the maximum
current they can handle.
For most microcontrollers, current obtained from one pin is sufficient to activate
an LED or some other low-current device (10-20 mA).
The more I/O pins, the lower maximum current of one pin; the maximum current
stated in the data specifications sheet for the microprocessor is shared across all I/O
ports
Each I/O port is usually under control of the specialized SFR, which means that
each bit of that register determines the state of the corresponding microcontroller
pin.
Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School
of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

UV Erasable Programmable ROM (UV EPROM):
The window enables data to be erased under strong
ultraviolet light. After a few minutes it is possible to
download a new program into it. Price is high and
not recommended.
Flash Memory:
can be written and cleared practically an unlimited number of
times.
Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

Ideal for
learning,
experimentation and small-scale production.
of Electrical
and Computer
Engineering

Must know details

RAM: used for temporary storing data and intermediate results created and
used during the operation of the microcontroller.
All none constant variables are stored in RAM.
Once the power supply is off the contents of RAM is cleared.
EEPROM: The contents of EEPROM may be changed during operation
(similar to RAM), but remains permanently saved even after the loss of power
(similar to ROM).
EEPROM is often used to store values, created during operation, which must
be permanently saved.

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

OSCILLATOR
Even pulses generated by the oscillator enable harmonic
and synchronous operation of all circuits within the
microcontroller.
The oscillator is usually configured so as to use quartz
crystal or ceramic resonator for frequency stability, but it
can also operate as a stand-alone circuit (like RC oscillator).

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

A/D converter:
is used to convert an analog signal, such as
voltage, to digital form so a microcontroller can
read and process it.
Some microcontrollers have built-in A/D
converters. External A/D converter can also be
connected to any type of microcontroller.
A/D converters are usually 8 to 10 bits, having 256
to 1024 quantization levels.
A/D converters are especially useful in control and
monitoring applications, since most sensors (e.g.,
temperature sensors, pressure sensors, force
sensors, etc.) produce analog output voltages.
Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School
of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

the bus is overloaded and

communication is very slow and
inefficient.

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Commonly used Microcontrollers

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Commonly used Microcontrollers

Microchip Technology:
Microchip produces microcontrollers with three very different
architectures:
8-bit (8-bit data bus) PICmicro, with a single accumulator (8 bits):
PIC10 and PIC12: 12-bit instruction words
PIC16 series: 14-bit instruction words, one address pointer ("indirect
register pair")
PIC18 series: 16-bit instruction words, three address pointers
("indirect register pairs")
16-bit (16-bit data bus) microcontrollers, with 16 general-purpose
registers (each 16-bit)
PIC24: 24-bit instruction words
dsPIC: based on PIC24, plus DSP functions, such as a single-cycle
MAC (multiplyaccumulate) into two 40-bit accumulators.
32-bit (32-bit data bus) microcontrollers:
Hawassa University,
Institute
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School
PIC32MX
series:
32-bit
instructions,
uses the MIPS architecture
of Electrical and Computer Engineering

End of lecture 1

Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering