CULTURAL RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT
SUPERVISED BY : PROF. PRIYADARSHINI SENGUPTA & PROF. TANNI
CHAKRABORTY

PRESENTED BY SURABHI MANDAL

ROLL NO. - 57

CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Cultural Resource Management (CRM), also referred to as cultural

heritage management or salvage archaeology, is the survey for and
documentation of archaeological sites instigated by the need to
examine sites before they are destroyed by construction or natural
disasters.

It is the legally mandated conservation, protection, and management

of sites and artefacts as a means of protecting the past.

This branch of archaeology is also concerned with developing policies

and action in regard to the preservation and use of cultural
resources.

It is aimed at preserving archaeological sites which is known in Great

Britain as RESCUE ARCHAEOLOGY and in the United States as
SALVAGE ARCHAEOLOGY or CULTURAL RESOURCE

HISTORY OF CRM

The term cultural resource was first used by National Parks Service staff in 1971-1972
W. D. Lope and A. J. Lindsay are most commonly recognized with the first publication
containing the CRM in the Proceedings of the 1974 Cultural Resource Management
Conference, Denver.

The first use of CRM came in the airport bar, following the Denver conference, while a
number of the participants were waiting on their delayed flights.

Archaeologists in the south-western U.S popularized the label of Cultural Resource

Management beginning in the early 1970s.

WHAT ARE CULTURE

RESOURCES?

Cultural resources are things that are place-related.

They tie past and present cultural systems to geographic markers as an

organizing construct.

Examples : Archaeological sites, Historic sites, buildings, and structures.

Traditional cultural properties, which include such resources as
traditional resource gathering areas, sacred sites.
Museum collections and historical documents.

How, and under what authorities, are

cultural resources managed?

Cultural resources specialists (heritage managers, preservationists, preservation

program managers) working for federal or state agencies

Contract archaeologists, architectural historians, and historians.

Local, non-profit organizations (historical societies, museums, etc.)

Federal Authorities that address

cultural resources

The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA)

The Historic Sites Act

Executive Order 13006

Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act

The Antiquities Act of 1906

The Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 (Amended

1984).

Preservation and Protection

Antiquities Act 1906:

Allows President of the US to declare historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other
significant objects to be national monuments.

Secretary of Interior can make rules and regulations for this act.

Archaeological Resources Protection Act 1979:

Provides for permitting process to excavate sites.

Prohibits:

Unauthorized excavation, removal, damage, alteration, or defacement of archaeological resources.

Trafficking in archaeological resources the excavation or removal of which was wrongful under Federal
law.

Trafficking in interstate or foreign commerce in archaeological resources the excavation, removal, sale,
purchase, exchange, transportation or receipt of which was wrongful under State or local law.

What is Heritage?

Heritage is anything that is considered important enough to be passed on to

the future generations.

Heritage is broadly categorized into two main divisions.

Heritage

Natural Heritage

Cultural Heritage

Natural Heritage & Cultural

Heritage

Natural Heritage refers to the natural aspects like the fauna and flora, landscapes, beaches, coral
gardens etc that are considered important enough to be preserved for the future generations.

Cultural Heritage refers to the cultural aspects like heritage sites, monuments, folklore, traditional
activities and practices, language etc that are considered vital to be preserved for the future
generations. It is further divided into two main groups : Tangible Heritage and Intangible Heritage.

Tangible Heritage refers to those significant places that advocate the countrys history and culture.
For example monuments, mosques, shrines, monasteries etc.

Intangible Heritage refers to those aspects of a country that cannot be touched or seen. For
example traditional music, folklore, language etc

ROLE OF UNESCOS IN CRM

Encourage countries to sign the World Heritage Convention and to ensure the protection of their natural and
cultural heritage;

Encourage States Parties to the Convention to nominate sites within their national territory for inclusion on the
World Heritage List;

Encourage States Parties to establish management plans and set up reporting systems on the state of conservation
of their World Heritage sites;

Help States Parties safeguard World Heritage properties by providing technical assistance and professional
training;

Provide emergency assistance for World Heritage sites in immediate danger;

Support States Parties' public awareness-building activities for World Heritage conservation;

Encourage participation of the local population in the preservation of their cultural and natural heritage;

Encourage international cooperation in the conservation of our world's cultural and natural heritage.

Understanding the Significance

of Cultural Heritage

There are 4 main aspects to understand the significance of cultural heritage sites.

Historical Significances : The age or relationship to historical era, person or event. Historical
significance is a relatively easy and over bearing trait in heritage management.

Social Significances : Social Significance is hard to ascertain. It refers to the social, spiritual
and other community oriented values attributed to a place. This maybe because the place has
existed to serve a certain important role in the society for a period of time.

Aesthetic Significance: refers to this special sense of Importance of a place. This could be in
terms of architecture, scale or even the designs seen on the place.

Scientific Significance: refers to the scope or possibility of scientific findings from a site,
monument or place. Here the importance lies more in the information that may yield out of
understanding and researching the place or site. This can mostly be attributed to
archaeological sites or ancient monuments

CULTURE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

ARCHAEOLGY

Cultural resources management is about people and the places

they consider to be important for preserving their culture and
learning about the history of humankind.

It addresses the cultural remains of past societies, whether

prehistoric or historic.

Archaeologists are well suited to be CRM professionals because

we apply our broad understanding of human culture to bridge
the past with the present.

It is important to record and study lifeways that no longer

exist.

THANK YOU