SANTIAGO

CALATRAVA

ABOUT
Born : 28 July 1951

Benimmet, Valencia, Spain

Nationality : Spanish
Education : Polytechnic University Of Valencia

Swiss Ferdral Institute Of Technology

Santiago Calatrava Valls is a Spanish architect, sculptor

and structural engineer whose principal office is in Zurich,

Switzerland. He has office in Zurich, Paris and in New York,
Where he now resides.

CAREER
Calatrava's early career was largely dedicated tobridgesandrailway
stations, with designs that elevated the status of civil engineering projects to
new heights. HisMontjuic Communications TowerinBarcelona, Spain (1991)
in the heart of the1992 Olympicssite, as well as theAllen Lambert
GalleriainToronto, Canada (1992), were important works and turning points
in his career, leading to a wide range of commissions. TheQuadracci
Pavilion(2001) of theMilwaukee Art Museumwas his first building in the
United States. Calatrava's entry intohigh-risedesign began with an
innovative 54-story-high twisting tower calledTurning Torso(2005), located
inMalm, Sweden.

PHILOSOPHY

INSPIRATIONS
Works of antony Gaudi
Human figure and natures creativity
Experimentation with materials and their properties

INSPIRATION FROM HUMAN

BODY

INSPIRATION FROM
NATURE(ANIMALS)

STYLES
Blends impressive visual style and the strict rules of engineering
Symbolic AND recognizable the world over for the sense of movement

captureD in a stationary object.

Long sweeping lines, stark white materials and a flawless use of glass and

light.

Had a definite vision of inside and outside, the concave and convex, of how

we face the specific world

CASE STUDIES
1.

HSB TURNING TORSO

2.

PONT DORLEANS

3.

PUENTE DE LA MUJER

HSB TURNING
TORSO

TURNIN
GHSB Turning Torso is
one of the tallest
residential buildings
TORSO
in Europe and holds

apartments, offices
and meeting
facilities.
The vision of HSB

Turning Torso is
based on a sculpture
called Twisting Torso
by Santiago
Calatrava himself.
Inspiration from the
human body in a
twisting motion.

BUILDING FACTS
190 metres high
Consists of nine cubes with five floors

each

Together with intermediate floors a

total of 54 floors

Each floor has 400m of available

space.

147 apartments from cube three to

nine.

Meeting facilities on the two top floors.

Each floor consists of a square part

around the core and a triangular part

which is supported by an external steel

KEY DATES
Ground breaking 14th Feb 2001
Construction started June 2001
Casting of foundation March 2002
Foundations complete August 2002
Completion date November 2005

FA C A D
E

facade is a glass and aluminum

construction
2,800 panels and 2,250 windows
Follow the twist of the building, the
windows are leaning either inwards or
outwards by 0 to 7 degrees.

R O TAT I O N
O F F LO O R S
Forms for the floors were rotated
approx. 1.6 degrees for each floor in
order to create the characteristic twist
of the building.

OUTER STEEL
S U P O RT A N D
SPINE

The steel support is a welded construction with

a very thorough paint treatment for optimal
protection against corrosion.

The outer steel support consists of a steel

column and 20 horizontal and 18 diagonal
steel cigars

LIFT
S

3 lifts service the residential part of the

building and HSB Turning Torso
Meetings
Two separate lifts service the
offices :
ensures high capacity and
minimum waiting even during
rush hour and in the instances
when a lift is closed for
maintenance.

SHEETING &
F O U N D AT I O N
Foundation: built directly on the
S
limestone bedrock.
Profiled steel plates, forming the
foundation shaft, were driven 15
m. into the ground and a further
3m into the limestone bedrock
Concrete beams, poured at
regular intervals on the inside of
the sheeting to stabilize the steel
lining against the pressure of the
soil outside
Concrete construction was poured
onto the bedrock, 30 meters in
diameter and 7 meters thick

CLIMBING
FORMS
AND
BEAMS

Each cube were made with socalled self-compacting

concrete.
Because of its flow capacity,
this type of concrete does not
need vibrating.

APARTMENTS AND
COMMERCIAL SPACES
The total commercial space is
approximately 4,000 m in the lower
two cubes i.e. 10 floors.
The commercial area has its own
lifts and all conceivable comforts in
heating, cooling and IT systems.
The top 2 floors(53rd & 54th) are
used primarily for meetings.

There are 147 Apartments spread

across the 6 floors.

TYPICAL
FLOOR PLAN

PURPOSE OF THE TWIST!

Apart from the fact that he made the building similar to one of his award

winning marble design,Calatrava wanted the people residing/working in the

building to have a 360 degree Panoramic view of the beauty that
surrounded the building.
N

PONT
DORLEANS,
FRANCE

INCLINED
ARCH
BRIDGE
INCLINED ARCH
BRIDGE BY
CALATRAVA OVER
THE RIVER LOIRE
ORLEANS, FRANCE
THE ARCH IS

INCLINED INWARDS
AT ANGLE OF 68
DEGREES
LOCATED ON ONE

SIDE OF BRIDGE
DECK & AS TALL AS 8
FLOORS(25 M)

 TWO
CONCRETE
TRIPODS OF
THREE
INCLINED
BRANCHES
SUPPORT THE
CENTRAL ARCH
SPAN.
THE TRIPOD
REPRESENTS
THREE
FINGERS OF
THE HAND AS
NATURAL
EXTENSION OF
ARCH.
THE OPTIMAL
USE OF
SUPPORT
HELPS ONE
OBSERVE A

PIERS- REINFORCED CONCRETE

ARCH- STEEL
SUSPENDERS- STEEL
ABUTMENTS- REINFORCED
CONCRETE
MAIN SPAN - 200 M
TOTAL LENGTH - 470 M
DECK WIDTH - 26 M
4 TRAFFIC LANES
2 CYCLE PATHS AND 2 WALKWAYS

THE DECK IS ASSYMMERTRICAL AND CURVED FROM BOTTOM

THE DECK REPRESENTS A SHIPS HULL AND THE
ARCH REPRESENTS MAST OF THE BOAT
THE DEPTH OF THE BOX GIRDER IS 3.25 M

THE
EACH TRIPOD HAS ONE
TRIPODS
FINGER ALONG :
(BLUE) THE VISUAL
CONTINUATION OF THE
ARCH
COMPRESSIVE
FORCES FROM ARCH
(RED) IN THE SAME
PLANE SUPPORTING
THE SPAN OF ARCH
(ORANGE) THE THIRD
SUPPORTS THE WIDTH
OF THE DECK

THE
THE HANGERS
STABLIZE
THE ARCH
HANGERS

AND DISTRIBUTE THE

FORCE CREATED BY
THE INCLINATION,ON
THE DECK.
THE CABLES ARE
PLACED EVERY 4.2 M
IN THE PLANE OF ARCH
THE CABLES HAVE A
DIA OF 5.5 CM &THE
ONES CONNECTING
THE EXTERIOR SIDE
HAVE A DIA OF 3.6 CM

PUENTE DE LA
MUJER

THE
SWINGING
BRIDGE
Designed by
Calatrava,its
construction was
started in 1998 and got
completed on 20th
December 2001
It is a foot bridge and is
held in its place by
cantelevers(a design
pioneered by Calatrava)

Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge (this

design has been pioneered by Calatrava)
Was built by the company URSSA, at its
plant in Victoria, in Bilbao, Spain, and brought
to Buenos Aires in several shipments.
One stabilizing pylon, pointing skyward at a
45-degree angle
Its design represents a couple dancing tango
- unique asymmetrical arrangement
White pylon represents the man with rope
holding the central curvature of the bridge
that symbolizes the woman a typical step of
tango.
Footbridge

and one movable part

The pylon has cables
suspending the part of
the bridge that rotates 90
degrees in order to allow
water traffic to pass

WORKING

When it swings the far

end comes to a resting
point
The rotary section relies
on a central pile of white
concrete that houses the
rotating mechanism
It has a unique rotation
mechanism; its one of
the biggest of the world,
with 20 electric engines
commanded by a
computer

WATCHING IT CLOSE

THE
The
metal structure of
STRUCTURE
the bridge has been
entirely made of steel
and the straps
(suspendors) are made
up of galvanized steel
wires of high resistance
of circular section
The big inclinated
pylon it is formed by
sheets of steel of
different thicknesses
with rigid material
interiors

NUMBERS
Total length: 170 m
Central rotating span:
102 m
Width of deck: 6,20 m
Height of pylon: 39 m
Weight: 800 tons
Time to open: less
than 2 min
Sustaining cables: 19

CRITICAL
EVALUATION

Santiago Calatrava exemplifies sculptural expression and engineering through

architecture. Calatravas work is like music: well orchestrated
Even though his buildings are known for their aesthetics, they never
compromise on the grounds of functionality
He builds energy efficient structures
The fact that much of his work is centred around
water adds a further dimension to his work.
His designs are sometimes criticized for impracticality
All his designs are not economical
The trainstation Gare do Oriente in Lisbon is known for being very uncomfortable,
especially with wind and rainy weather.

THANK YOU
Made by :
Udaiy Khanna
Parth Bansal