PARIS TO BERLIN

1885-87
CHAPTER 7

In Gay Paris (1885-86)

Rizal, who was then 24 years old and already

a physician, decided to go to Paris in order to

acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology.
He befriended Senyor Eusebio Corominas,
editor of the newspaper La Publicidad
Corominas made a crayon sketch of Don
Miguel Morayta, owner of La Publicidad and a
statesman.
Rizal gave Corominas an article on the
Carolines Question for publication.

Maximo Viola

Rizals friend whom he

visited in Barcelona. Maximo
Viola is a medical student and
a member of a rich family of
San Miguel, Bulacan.
Dr. Louis de Weckert
-leading French ophthalmologist
where Rizal worked as an assistant on
October, 1885.

Rizal relaxed visiting the home Pardo

De Taveras (Trinidad, Felix and Paz).

Juan Luna
-Rizals Ilokano friend and
later became husband of Paz
Pardo de Tavera. He is the great
master of the brush and
discussed Rizal various
problems on art and improved
his own painting. Rizal helped
Luna in posing as model in
several paintings.

Rizal posed as

an Egyptian
priest

Rizal posed as Sikatuna, with Dr. Trinidad

Pardo de Tavera as Legazpi

Rizal as Musician
Rizal was a flutist in various impromptu

reunions of Filipinos in Madrid and Paris.

He composed three musical pieces
namely:
Leonor he composed before his
departure for Spain
El Canto del Prisionero a danza he
composed during his exile in Dapitan
Alin Mang Lahi- a patriotic hymn

In Historic Heidelberg
Rizal arrived in Heidelberg on

February 8, 1886. Rizal was a good

chess player so he became the
member of the Chess Players Club.
Pastor Karl Ullmer
-a Lutherian minister friend of Rizal. They
had discussions about merits of Catholism and
Protestantism. Although a mason, Rizal
regarded Catholism a better religion than
Protestantism.

 Rizal sketched clever caricatures of what he saw.

His caricature of two German boys playing near a
pond revealed his talents a s a cartoonist.
Dr. Javier

Galezowsky, a
famous Polish
ophthalmologist

Dr. Otto Becker, a great German authority on

ophthalmology.

To The Flowers of Heidelberg

Rizal was attracted by the

blooming flowers as he
wander around the Neckar
River.
His favorite flower was- the
light blue forget-me-not.
The flowers remind him of
home so he wrote a fine
poem To The Flowers of
Heidelberg on April
22,1886 on his moment of
homesickness.

First Letter to Blumentritt

Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt

-Director of the Ateneo Leitmeritz,

Austria. Rizal wrote a letter to him in
German for the first time.
Arithmetica

-the book mentioned Rizal on his letter to

Blumentritt. It was published in two
languages- Spanish and Tagalog- by UST Press
kin 1868. The author was Rufino Baltazar
Hernandez from Sta. Cruz, Laguna.

Fifth Centenary of Heidelberg

University
It was two days before the departure of Rizal

when the beautiful city of Heidelberg held its

fifth centenary celebration on August 6, 1886.
On his diary dated on August

6, 1886, describes the

celebration of the 5th centenary
of the famous University of
Heidelberg.

Rizal Goes to Leipzig

August 14, 1886 Rizal arrived in

Leipzig to attend some lectures

on history and psychology at the
University of Leipzig
Prof. Friedrich Ratzel a famous
German historian
Rizal translated German to
Tagalog Schillers William Tell and
some of Hans Andersens Fairy
Tales.
October 29, 1886 He left
Leipzig for Dresden.
Dr. Adolph B. Meyer Director of
Anthropological and Ethnological
Museum.

Rizal Welcomed in Berlins Scientific Circles

Dr.

Feodor Jagor a
German scientist-traveler;
author of the Travels in the
Philippines
Travel in the Philippines
the book read and admired
by Rizal; published in
Berlin in 1873, Dr. Jagor
foretold the downfall of
Spanish
rule
in
the
Philippines and the coming
of America to Philippine
shores.

Dr. Rudolf Virchow

- a famous anthropologist who recognized

Rizals genius and latter invited to give a
lecture on the Tagalogs.
Tagalische Verskunst (Tagalog Metrical
Art)
- a scholarly paper in German written by
Rizal in response to Virchows invitation
which he read before the society in April,
1887 and published the same year.
Rizal became a member of the
Anthropological Society and the
Geographical Society of Berlin.

Rizals Life in Berlin

Rizal lived in Berlin for five reasons:
To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology
To further his studies of sciences and

languages
To observe the conditions of the German
nation
To associate with the famous German
scientists and scholars
To finish his novel, Noli Me Tangere

Dr. Schulzer eminent German

ophthalmologist where Rizal worked as an

assistant by day.
Rizal attended lectures at night. He practiced
speaking German, French, English and Italian.
He also attended daily exercises in Berlin
gymnasium to develop his body.
Madame Lucie Gerdolle Rizals professor on
his private lessons in order to master
idiomatic intricacies of French language.
Unter den Linden the most popular
boulevard in Berlin where he spent his leisure
moments.

Rizal on German Women

Rizal said to his letter to Trinidad

dated on March 11, 1886 that

German woman is serious, diligent,
educated and friendly.
Rizal regretted that in the
Philippines, women are more
interested in how they dress than in how much
they know.
Rizal gave an advice to his sister, Trinidad: Now
that you are still young, you should strive to
read and learn. You must not allow yourself to
be conquered by indolence because it costs so

German Customs
Rizal admired two German customs:
The Christmas custom of the German

- people celebrate yuletide season

with lanterns, papers, lights, dolls
candies, fruits, etc; and shown at night
to the children
Self-introduction to strangers in Social Gathering
- According to the German code of
etiqutte, it is bad manner for the guest
to remain aloof, and wait for the
host/hostess to make proper
introductions.

Rizals Darkest Winter

The winter of 1886 in Berlin
Rizals darkest winter because:
He lived in poverty because

No money arrived from Calamba

Diamond ring given by Saturnina
in the pawnshop
He couldn't pay to his landlord
He had one meal a day
Laundered himself
Paciano tried to raise money for Rizal but the crops
have failed due to the ravages of the locusts

CHAPTER 8

NOLI ME TANGERE
1887

Idea of Writing a Novel in the Philippines

Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin

-Dr. Rizals inspiration in writing the novel

which portrays the brutalities of American
slave-owners and the conditions of the
unfortunate Negro slaves.
January 2, 1884
-Rizal proposed the writing approved by
Paternos, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo
Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente and
Valentin Ventura
Rizals project did not materialize because his
compatriots did not write anything so by his
friends indifference, he determined to write

The Writing of Noli

End of 1884- Rizal began the

writing of novel in Madrid.

1885- He went to Paris completing
studies in Universidad Central de
Madrid finishing one-half of the
second-half of the novel.
December 1886 during the dark days, he
almost threw the manuscript into the fire seeing
no hope of having it published for he was
penniless.
A telegram from Barcelona arrived sent by Dr.
Maximo Viola informing Rizal of his coming visit
to Berlin.

The Man Who Saved the Noli

Maximo Viola he is the one who

saved Noli. Without him, the Noli

would most likely never to appear in
Print. He invited Rizal to join him on a
tour in Europe but postponed it instead so that
the novel could be printed.
The first edition of Noli was printed in Berlin in
1887. the cost of printing was 300 pesos for
2000 copies.
March 29, 1887 the date when the Noli Me
Tangere came off the press.

The Title of the Novel

Noli Me Tangere is a Latin

phrase which means Touch Me

Not.
It was taken from the Gospel of
St. John (Chapter 20, Verses 13 to 17)
The Authors Dedication

-Rizal dedicated the Noli Me Tangere to

the Philippines To My Country.

SYPNOSIS OF THE NOLI

The novel Noli Me Tangere contains 63

chapters and an epilogue.

Noli Me Tangeresignify do not touch
meI have endeavored to answer the
columnies which for centuries had been
heaped on us and our country: I have
described the social condition, the life, our
beliefs, our hopes, our desires, our
grievances, our griefs.
- Jose Rizal

Characters of Noli Me Tangere

Crisostomo Ibarra

Padre Damaso
-a Filipino who
-Fransician friar
studied in Europe for
and Maria
7 years, the love
Claras biologiinterest of
cal father
Maria Clara
Maria Clara

-Ibarras sweetheart;
the illegitimate
daughter of Padre
Damaso and Pia Alba

Capitan Tiago
-known father
of Maria Clara;
husband of
Donya Pia Alba

 Pilosopo Tasyo

Donya Victorina
-a wise man; he is
-a woman who
a pessimist, cynic
passes herself as
and mad by his
a Peninsular
neighbors
Donya Consolacion
Elias
-wife of Alferez,
-a fugitive, who
abused Sisa
wants to
\
Crispin and Basilio
revolutionize
-sacritan brothers;
his country
sons of Sisa who went
Padre Salvi
insane after losing her
-Fransiscan
sons
Priest; secret
The Alferez
admirer of
-Chief of Guardia
Maria Clara
Civil

The novel begins with a

reception given by Capitan

Tiago at his house in honor
of Crisostomo Ibarra, a young
and rich Filipino who had just
returned after seven years of
study in Europe.
Upon Rizals arrival, produce
favorable impression among the guests, except Padre
Damaso, who was rude to him.
He visited Maria Clara, his childhood sweetheart.
Ibarra met interesting people in his town, such as the wise
old man Tasio the Sage, whose ideas were too advanced for
his times.
A most tragic story in the novel is the tale of Sisa, who was
formerly a rich girl but become poor because she married a
gambler, and a wasterl at that. She became crazy because
she lost her two boys.

Ibarra and his friends gave a picnic in the lake.

An incident in the picnic was the saving of Elias

life by Ibarra. A touch of comedy in the novel was
the fight between two ludicrous senyoras
Donya Consolacion, the vulgar mistress of the
Spanish alferez, and Donya Victorina, the wife of
a henpecked Spanish quack doctor.
The story of Elias, like of that Sisa, was a tale of
pathos and tragedy.Ibarras enemies left no
stone unturned to bring about his ruin.
Elias, learning of Ibarras arrest burned all the
papers that might incriminate his friend.
Ibarra returned to banca after bidding
Maria Clara farewell.
Ibarra was able to escape from the soldiers.

What happened to the characters?..

Maria Clara, out of her loyalty to the memory

of Ibarra, entered the Santa Clara nunneryforever lost to the world.

Padre Salvi left the Parish of San Diego and
became the chaplain of the nunnery.
Padre Damaso found dead in his bedroom.
Capitan Tiago became an opium addict and a
human wreck.
Donya Victorina still henpecking Don Tiburcio
weakening eye-sight.
Linares who failed to win Maria Claras
affection died of dysentery and was buried in
Paco cemetery.

The Noli Based on Truth

Noli Me Tangere is a true story of Philippine conditions during the

last decades of Spanish rule. The places, the characters, and the
situations really exist.
The facts I narrate there, said Rizal, are all true and have
happened; I can prove them.
The characters:
Maria Clara Leonor Rivera
Ibarra and Elias Rizal himself
Pilosopo Tasyo Rizals elder brother, Paciano
Padre Salvi identified by Rizalists as Padre Antonio Piernavieja,
hated Augustinian friar in Cavite who was killed by patriots during the
Revolution
Capitan Tiago Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas
Donya Victorina Donya Augustina Medel
Basilio and Crispin Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy
Padre Damaso domineering friar during days of Rizal, arrogant,
supercilicious, and anti-Filipino

Rizals friends Praise the Noli

The friends of Rizal hailed the

novel, praising it with glowing

colors.
Copies of the Noli were sent by
Rizal to Blumentritt, Regidor,
Hidalgo, Mariano Ponce, Graciano
Lopez Jaena, Aguirre and other friends. More
copies were crated and sent to Barcelona,
Madrid and Hongkong to be smuggled to the
Philippines.
Of the numerous congratulatory letters received
by Rizal from his friends about the Noli that from
Blumentritt was significant.

THANK YOU FOR

LISTENING
-by: Eunice Dorado
BSED-English

ACTIVITY
True or False

Direction: Write True if the statement is correct

and False if the statement is wrong.
1. _____ Juan Luna is the great master of the
brush who painted the Blood Compact
2. _____The author of the Travel in the
Philippines book, which Jose Rizal admired
was Dr. Galezowsky.
3. _____Blumentritt saved Noli Me Tangere.
4. _____Rizal dedicated Noli Me Tangere to
the Philippines.
5. _____Noli Me Tangere is based on the true
story.